Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development Jonkman, J., Butterfield, S., Musial, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Welcoming the Wind? Determinants of Wind Power Development Among U.S. States Bohn, C., Lant, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Using probability of occurrence to assess potential interaction between wind farms and a residual population of golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in NW Spain Tapia, L., Dominguez, J., Rodriguez, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
The Effects of Human-Generated Sound on Fish Popper, A., Hastings, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
Public attitudes and participation in wind turbine development Coleby, A., Miller, D., Aspinall, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Underwater Noise From Three Types Of Offshore Wind Turbines: Estimation Of Impact Zones For Harbor Porpoises And Harbor Seals Tougaard, J., Henriksen, O., Miller, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
U.S. COAST GUARD ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO MARINE RADAR AS IT RELATES TO MARINE NAVIGATION SAFETY FROM THE NANTUCKET SOUND WIND FARM Cape Wind Associates Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Navigation
Early colonisation of a concrete offshore windmill foundation by marine biofouling on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea) Kerckhof, F., Norro, A., Jacques, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
An Ecological Risk Assessment of Wind Energy Development in Montana Martin, B., Pearson, A., Bauer, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Concerning an Act on Offshore Renewable Energy Production (the Offshore Energy Act) Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds: A Review Powlesland, R. Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds
Measurements of Construction Noise During Pile Driving of Offshore Research Platforms and Wind Farms Matuschek, R., Betke, K. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The State of the Birds United States of America 2009 North American Bird Conservation Initiative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
An Acoustic Study of Bat Activity at the Proposed Roaring Brook Wind Project, New York, Spring - Fall 2008 Hein, C., Schwab, N., Mabee, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Numerical Calculation of the Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Power Stations on Hydrodynamic Conditions Zhang, W., Xia, H., Wang, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Marine Fish Response to Pile Driving Sound Mueller-Blenkle, C., McGregor, P., Gill, A. Research Study Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Development and validation of a multicriteria indicator for the assessment of objective aesthetic impact of wind farms Sibille, A., Cloquell-Ballester, V., Darton, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Wind Energy Systems: Environmental Aspects and Impacts Manwell, J., McGowan, J., Rogers, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Cape Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement US Minerals Management Service (MMS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidance note: Guidance on Methods for Monitoring Bird Populations at Onshore Wind Farms Scottish Natural Heritage Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Breathe of Life: Ethical Wind Power and Wildlife Loder, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Terrestrial Mammals
SEM-REV Sea Test Site Ecole Central de Nantes (ECN) Project Site Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Aspects of Offshore Renewable Energy and the Alterations of Marine Habitats Wilhelmsson, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Fisheries, the environment and offshore wind farms: location, location, location Johnson, M., Rodmell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm Marine Geophysical Investigations Leth, J., Al-Hamdani, Z., Novak, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Saint Nikola Wind Farm: 2009 Breeding Bird Survey Zehtindjiev, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Wind Turbines and Bat Mortality: Interactions of Bat Echolocation Pulses with Moving Turbine Rotor Blades Long, C., Flint, J., Lepper, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Underwater Noise Pattenden, A., Thomsen, F., Walker, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The Effects Of Anthropogenic Sources Of Sound On Fishes Popper, A., Hastings, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
The Monitoring of the Wintering Geese in the "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2008/2009 Zehtindjiev, P., Gash, M., Evans, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Reflections on Integrating Operations and Maintenance Activities of Offshore Wind Farms and Mariculture Michler-Cieluch, T., Krause, G., Buck, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Assessing the effects to fishes from pile driving: Application of new hydroacoustic criteria Stadler, J., Woodbury, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential: An assessment of environmental and economic constraints European Environment Agency Report Wind Energy
Development of a method for the automatic quantification of bird migration in the area of ​​offshore wind farms and the barrier effect of the technical systems for bird migration using fast fixed beam radar Neumann, R., Kube, J., Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy Birds
Wildlife Baseline Studies for the Buffalo Ridge II Wind Resource Area Brookings and Deuel Counties, South Dakota Final Report March 2008 - November 2008 Derby, C., Seginak, K., Dahl, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Resolving Fine-Scale Spatio-Temporal Dynamics in the Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena Skov, H., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II Betke, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Phase I Bat Risk Assessment: Mount Wachusett Community College Wind Energy Project Worcester County, Massachusetts Reynolds, D., Veilleux, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway: Progress Report 2008 Bevanger, K., Clausen, S., Dahl, E. Report Wind Energy Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Displaying 5561 - 5600 of 6408 results