Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway: Progress Report 2008 Bevanger, K., Clausen, S., Dahl, E. Report Wind Energy Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Scientific Review of California Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Birds and Bats from Wind Energy Development Hicks, W., Newman, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Power and wind power: exploring experiences of renewable energy planning processes in Scotland Aitken, M. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind Power in Wyoming: Doing it Smart from the Start Molvar, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Biological Study Report West Ridge Wind Energy Project Gerhardt, R., Gritski, R., Luginbuhl, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Wind Power, Wildlife, and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act: A Way Forward Lilley, M., Firestone, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Energy analysis and environmental life cycle assessment of a micro-wind turbine Allen, S., Hammond, G., McManus, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
On The Influence Of Large Wind Farms On The Upper Ocean Circulation Broström, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Animal Behavioral Adaptation to Changing Landscapes: Spring-Staging Geese Habituate to Wind Farms Madsen, J., Boertmann, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
The Relation Between Birds and Wind Turbines and Other Aerial Obstacles - A Literature Survey Nygård, T., Bevanger, K., Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy Birds
Public acceptance of renewable energies: Results from case studies in Germany Zoellner, J., Schweizer-Ries, P., Wemheuer, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Perceived Concerns and Possible Management Strategies for Governing 'Wind-Farm Mariculture Integration' Michler-Cieluch, T., Krause, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm Turbine Foundation Faunal Colonisation Diving Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Colonization of an Artificial Hard Substrate by Mytilus edulis in the German Bight Joschko, T., Buck, B., Gutow, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Collision Fatality of Raptors in Wind Farms does not Depend on Raptor Abundance de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
The use of 'ecological risk' for assessing effects of human activities: an example including eutrophication and offshore wind farm construction in the North Sea Nunneri, C., Lenhart, H., Burkhard, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Migrating Waterbirds Piper, W., Kulik, G., Durinck, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Poseidon Floating Power (Poseidon 37) Floating Power Plant A/S (FPP) Project Site Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Oregon Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Wind Energy: Siting and Permitting Guidelines Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Taskforce Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Biological Study Plan East Ridge Wind Energy Project Gerhardt, R., Luginbuhl, J., Gritski, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Spatial Overlap of Wind Farms on Peatland with Sensitive Areas for Birds Bright, J., Langston, R., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Food Basis for Common Scoter Skov, H., Durinck, J., Erichsen, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Key conservation issues for migratory land- and waterbird species on the world's major flyways Kirby, J., Stattersfield, A., Butchart, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Map of Bird Sensitivities to Wind Farms in Scotland: A Tool to Aid Planning and Conservation Bright, J., Langston, R., Bullman, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Resting Waterbirds Skov, H., Piper, W., Leonhard, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Barotrauma is a Significant Cause of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Baerwald, E., D'Amours, G., Klug, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
Over the Sea and Far Away? A Consideration of the Planning, Politics and Public Perception of Offshore Wind Farms Haggett, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Factors influencing carcass removal at wind-farms, in mountain areas of the center-north region of Portugal Silva, B., Barreiro, S., Alves, P. Presentation Wind Energy Bats
Raptors and Wind Energy Development in the Central Appalachians: Where We Stand on the Issue Katzner, T., Brandes, D., Lanzone, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Life-cycle assessment of a 2-MW rated power wind turbine: CML method Martínez, E., Sanz, F., Pellegrini, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Patterns of Avian and Bat Mortality at a Utility-Scaled Wind Farm on the Southern High Plains Miller, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Scroby Sands Ornithological Monitoring: Assessing the impacts of the Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm upon Little Tern Sternula albifrons: summary of monitoring programme 2002-2006 ECON Ecological Consultancy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Fish
Kentish Flats Wind Farm Fifth Ornithological Monitoring Report Gill, J., Sales, D., Pinder, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Effects of Wind Farm Construction and Operation on Mire and Wet Heath Vegetation in the Monte Maior SCI, North-West Spain Fagúndez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Wind Farms and Mires in the Basque Country and North-West Navarra, Spain Heras, P., Infante, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Evaluating Pre-Construction Sampling Regimes for Assessing Patterns of Bat Activity at a Wind Energy Development in Southern California Weller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
How Ecofriendly are Wind Farms? Cohn, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds, Bats
Underwater Radiated Noise Due to the Piling for the Q7 Offshore Wind Park de Jong, C., Ainslie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Displaying 5601 - 5640 of 6408 results