Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A structured indicator pool to operationalize expert-based ecosystem service assessments for marine spatial planning von Thenen, M., Frederiksen, P., Hansen, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Foraging seabirds respond to an intermittent meteorological event in a coastal environment Waggitt, J., Torres, R., Fraser, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
The regional heterogeneity of wind power deployment: an empirical investigation of land-use policies in Germany and Sweden Lauf, T., Ek, K., Gawel, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Legal Limits on Recreational Fishing Near Offshore Wind Facilities Webster, K., Porter, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism
Localizing the energy transition: Town-level political and socio-economic drivers of clean energy in the United States Bayulgen, O. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
A novel approach for cumulative impacts assessment for marine spatial planning Lonsdale, J., Nicholson, R., Judd, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A critical analysis on hybrid renewable energy modeling tools: An emerging opportunity to include social indicators to optimise systems in small communities Cuesta, M., Castillo-Calzadilla, T., Borges, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds
Amherst Island Wind Project 2019 Post - Construction Mortality Monitoring Report Natural Resource Solutions Inc. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
National wind wildlife research plan, 2020-2023 American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Observations Show That Wind Farms Substantially Modify the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Thermal Stratification Transition in the Early Evening Rajewski, D., Takle, E., VanLoocke, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Population-Level Risk to Hoary Bats Amid Continued Wind Energy Development: Assessing Fatality Reduction Targets Under Broad Uncertainty Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna-a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context Deb, H., Sanyal, T., Kaviraj, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Test of the automatic bird detection system IdentiFlight on the test field of WindForS in the context of nature conservation research Aschwanden, J., Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Kincardine Offshore Wind Farm Cable Plan West, A., Whyte, C., Giles, J. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
How to set sound exposure criteria for fishes Hawkins, A., Johnson, C., Popper, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Human Dimensions
Post -Construction Monitoring Studies for the Headwaters Wind Farm Randolph County, Indiana Rodriguez, M., Tredennick, A., DuBridge, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Conservation management plan for the protection of heritage resources at Brandweynkop, Humansdorp Magisterial District, Eastern Cape Province Orton, J., Muller, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Challenges of future energy landscapes in Germany — a nature conservation perspective Ponitka, J., Boettner, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure Hermans, A., Bos, O., Prusina, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
On the suitability of offshore wind energy resource in the United States of America for the 21st century Costoya, X., deCastro, M., Carvalho, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Scientists Collecting Data on Commercial Fish Species in Wind Energy Lease Areas NOAA Fisheries Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions
Behavioral Response of Grouse to Wind Energy Turbines: A Quantitative Review of Survival, Habitat Selection, and Lek Attendance LeBeau, C., Howlin, S., Tredennick, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., Fraissinet, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Ground response during offshore pile driving in a sandy slope Lamens, P., Askarinejad, A., Sluijsmans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Water Quality
Monitoring fisheries resources at offshore wind farms: BACI vs. BAG designs Methratta, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Analyzing energy options for small-scale off-grid communities: A Canadian case study Prabatha, T., Hager, J., Carneiro, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds: the black stork (Ciconia nigra) in Italy as a case study Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., Fraissinet, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Underwater Noise Simulation of Impact Pile Driving for Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan Fang, Y., Sung, P., Hu, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Ecological Risk Assessment of Underwater Sounds from Dredging Operations McQueen, A., Suedel, B., de Jong, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Marine spatial planning on the Caribbean island of Montserrat: Lessons for data‐limited small islands Flower, J., Ramdeen, R., Estep, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Applying AI-Based Solutions to Avoid Bird Collisions at Wind Parks Salkanovic, E., Enevoldsen, P., Xydis, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Reasons for Shifting and Barriers to Renewable Energy: A Literature Review Kabel, T., Bassim, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Citizen participation and the wind farm decision-making process: An exploratory case study on the current practice in Dutch municipalities Geerts, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Turbine Collision Mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Migratory Disturbance Thresholds with Mule Deer and Energy Development Sawyer, H., Lambert, M., Merkle, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Residents’ Views on Landscape and Ecosystem Services during a Wind Farm Proposal in an Island Protected Area Vlami, V., Danek, J., Zogaris, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and the regulation of offshore renewable energy activities within national jurisdiction Jung, D. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Evaluating the economic return to public wind energy research and development in the United States Wiser, R., Millstein, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
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