Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Final Environmental Assessment Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Addressing significant impacts coherently in environmental impact statements Duarte, C., Sanchez, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Public acceptance of and heterogeneity in behavioral beach trip responses to offshore wind farm development in Catalonia (Spain) Voltaire, L., Koutchade, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts
Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea Wright, S., Lynam, C., Righton, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
Vineyard Wind American Lobster, Black Sea Bass, Larval Lobster Abundance Survey, And Lobster Tagging Study of the 501N Study Area, 2019 Survey Season Annual Report Stokesbury, K., Cassidy, K., Zygmunt, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Ecological best practice in decommissioning: a review of scientific research Fortune, I., Paterson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The proportion of flatfish recruitment in the North Sea potentially affected by offshore windfarms Barbut, L., Vastenhoud, B., Vigin, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish
Risk management in distributed wind energy implementing Analytic Hierarchy Process Zhou, S., Yang, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
The ecology of infrastructure decommissioning in the North Sea: what we need to know and how to achieve it Fowler, A., Jørgensen, A., Coolen, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Ecosystem Processes
Science in support of ecologically sound decommissioning strategies for offshore man-made structures: taking stock of current knowledge and considering future challenges Birchenough, S., Degraer, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Assessments of carbon footprint and energy analysis of three wind farms Xie, J., Fu, J., Liu, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Multi-criteria and focus group analysis for social acceptance of wind energy Caporale, D., Sangiorgio, V., Amodio, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Long-term visual impacts of aging infrastructure: Challenges of decommissioning wind power infrastructure and a survey of alternative strategies Szumilas-Kowalczyk, H., Pevzner, N., Giedych, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Fish Assemblages Associated with a Newly Deployed Eco-Engineered Artificial Seawall in the Intercoastal Waters of Port Everglades Cinti, O. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Public perspectives on reducing the environmental impact of onshore wind farms: a discrete choice experiment in South Korea Lee, H., Yoo, S., Huh, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines Stokke, B., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Biodiversity conservation versus wind power development in the state of Oklahoma: assessing opinion where green interests collide Burch, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Tapping Renewable Energy Sources in Contemporary India: Issues and Challenges Chandy, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Overcoming Barriers to the Community Acceptance of Wind Energy: Lessons Learnt from a Comparative Analysis of Best Practice Cases across Europe Maleki-Dizaji, P., del Bufalo, N., Di Nucci, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Explaining Factors Leading to Community Acceptance of Wind Energy. Results of an Expert Assessment De Luca, E. , Nardi, C., Gaetana Giuffrida, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V., Lazar, L., Williamson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
Wind Turbine Blade Recycling: Preliminary Assessment Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Summary of Discussions from the Marine Mammal Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Sustainable energy towards air pollution and climate change mitigation Rasak Adedeji, A., Zaini, F., Mathew, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Using ecosystem service assessments to support participatory marine spatial planning Friedrich, L., Glegg, G., Fletcher, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility LeBeau, C., Kauffman, M., Smith, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Summary of Discussions from Specialist Committees of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) on the Topic of Regional Research and Monitoring New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Landscape Factors Associated with Fatalities of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats at Wind Energy Facilities: An Initial Assessment Peters, K., Evans, I., Traiger, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2019 De Conseth, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Renewable energy and migratory species Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) Report Wind Energy Displacement Birds
Understanding the Golden Eagle and Bald Eagle Sensory Worlds to Enhance Detection and Response to Wind Turbines Fernández-Juricic, E., Katzner, T., Goller, B. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Public perception and policy implications towards the development of new wind farms in Ethiopia Gebreslassie, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
A structured indicator pool to operationalize expert-based ecosystem service assessments for marine spatial planning von Thenen, M., Frederiksen, P., Hansen, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Foraging seabirds respond to an intermittent meteorological event in a coastal environment Waggitt, J., Torres, R., Fraser, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Legal Limits on Recreational Fishing Near Offshore Wind Facilities Webster, K., Porter, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
The regional heterogeneity of wind power deployment: an empirical investigation of land-use policies in Germany and Sweden Lauf, T., Ek, K., Gawel, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Localizing the energy transition: Town-level political and socio-economic drivers of clean energy in the United States Bayulgen, O. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
A novel approach for cumulative impacts assessment for marine spatial planning Lonsdale, J., Nicholson, R., Judd, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
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