Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A Hybrid Multi-Objective Evolutionary-Based and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Cooperative Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) Basirati, M., Billot, R., Meyer, P. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
MEDEAS: a new modeling framework integrating global biophysical and socioeconomic constraints Capellan-Perez, I., de Blas, I., Nieto, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Development of a Unique Instrumentation System to Monitor Underwater Noise Due to Pile Driving Crowley, R., Berube, J., Matemu, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Relating Bat Passage Rates to Wind Turbine Fatalities Smallwood, K., Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Near-field Spatial and Temporal Benthic Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, USA Khan, A., Bartley, M., English, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Towards Estimating the Biogeochemical Footprint of an Offshore Windfarm Vanavebeke, J., Braeckman, U., De Borger, E. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Water Quality, Invertebrates
Preliminary Results: Exploring Why Some Families Living in Proximity to Wind Turbine Facilities Contemplate Vacating Their Homes—A Community-Based Study Krogh, C., McMurtry, R., Dumbrille, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Turbulence in the wake of offshore wind farm foundations and its potential effects on mixing of stratified tidal shelf seas Schultze, L., Merckelbach, L., Raasch, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Performance and life cycle assessment of a small scale vertical axis wind turbine Kouloumpis, V., Soboloewski, R., Yan, X. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Governing Risks of Multi-Use: Seaweed Aquaculture at Offshore Wind Farms van den Burg, S., Rockmann, C., Banach, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Relative impacts of multiple human stressors in estuaries and coastal waters in the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone Andersen, J., Al-Hamdani, Z., Harvey, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Multi-scale Interaction between Wind Turbines and Coastal Processes: coupling OpenFAST with a regional coupled air-sea modeling system Wang, R., Miles, T., Brodie, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings Gulka, J., Williams, K. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Using results from avian tracking studies to inform assessments of offshore wind energy areas in the US Atlantic Loring, P., Spiegel, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Interactive planning support systems with citizens: lessons learned from renewable energy planning in the Netherlands Flacke, J., de Boer, C., van den Bosch, F. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-G1: 2019 Benthic Assessment Report - Buoy Installation Areas and Sites of Interest Zottoli, J., Morandi, A., Albert, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment
The global climate value of offshore wind energy Cranmer, A., Baker, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Comparing acoustic and radar deterrence methods as mitigation measures to reduce human-bat impacts and conservation conflicts Gilmour, L. , Holderied, M. , Pickering , S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats
A Parametric Analysis and Sensitivity Study of the Acoustic Propagation for Renewable Energy Heaney, K., Ainslie, M., Halvorsen, M. Report Wind Energy Noise Fish
Artificial reef design affects benthic secondary productivity and provision of functional habitat Rouse, S., Porter, J., Wilding, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Design modification of three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine for noise reduction Rajesh, D., Anand, P., Nath, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Seasonal Variations of Marine Environment and Primary Production in the Taiwan Strait Tseng, H., You, W., Huang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool Schaffeld, T., Schnitzler, J., Ruser, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
North Carolina Collaborative Archaeological Survey: Wilmington East and West Wind Energy Areas Hoffman, W., Hoyt, J., Sassorossi, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
What shapes municipalities’ perceptions of fairness in windpower developments? Saglie, I., Inderberg, T., Rognstad, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
A Spatial Analysis of the Potentials for Offshore Wind Farm Locations in the North Sea Region: Challenges and Opportunities Gusatu, L., Yamu, C., Zuidema, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective Nazir, M., Ali, N., Bilal, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Cairn Duhie Wind Farm EIA Scoping Report Mallon, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine stepping‐stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations Coolen, J., Boon, A., Crooijmans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Numerical simulation and application of noise for high-power wind turbines with double blades based on large eddy simulation model Li, J., Liu, R., Yuan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Multiple values for the management and sustainable use of coastal and marine ecosystem services Chakraborty, S., Gasparatos, A., Blasiak, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F., Millikin, R., Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Measurement and Prediction of Underwater Noise from Impact Pile Driving during the Construction of Offshore Wind Farm Han, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
An integrated approach for the design of a marine protected area network applied to mainland Portugal Timonet, D., Abecasis, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of competence- and integrity-based trust on public acceptability of renewable energy projects in China and the Netherlands Liu, L., Bouman, T., Perlaviciute, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Not in my back yard or not on my playground: Residents and tourists' attitudes towards wind turbines in Icelandic landscapes Sæþórsdóttir, A., Ólafsdóttir, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
A decision framework of offshore wind power station site selection using a PROMETHEE method under intuitionistic fuzzy environment: A case in China Wu, Y., Tao, Y., Zhang, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Optimal strategies for wind turbine environmental curtailment Rogers, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Understanding community acceptance of a potential offshore wind energy project in different locations: An island-based analysis of ‘place-technology fit’ Devine-Wright, P., Wiersma, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
A circular economy approach to green energy: Wind turbine, waste, and material recovery Hao, S., Kuah, A., Rudd, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
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