Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Boundary spanning among research and policy communities to address the emerging industrial revolution in the ocean Posner, S., Fenichel, E., McCauley, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind farm development on peatlands increases fluvial macronutrient loading Heal, K., Phin, A., Waldron, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Water Quality
A stakeholder-grounded evaluation of the seven functions model of technological innovation systems theory in UK offshore wind and marine renewables Aldersey-Williams, J. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Site‐specific life cycle assessment of a pilot floating offshore wind farm based on suppliers’ data and geo‐located wind data Poujol, B., Prieur-Vernat, A., Dubranna, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Key aspects and feasibility assessment of a proposed wind farm in Jordan Al-Addous, M., Saidan, M., Bdour, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Island energy transition: Assessing Hawaii's multi-level, policy-driven approach Lee, T., Glick, M., Lee, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Aligning marine spatial conservation priorities with functional connectivity across maritime jurisdictions Maina, J., Gamoyo, M., Adams, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Uniformly constrained land eligibility for onshore European wind power Severin Ryberg, D., Tulemat, Z., Stolten, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
North Carolina Collaborative Archaeological Survey: Wilmington East and West Wind Energy Areas Hoffman, W., Hoyt, J., Sassorossi, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling for Benthic Macrofauna Henkel, S., Gilbane, L., Phillips, A. Report Wind Energy Invertebrates, Physical Environment
What shapes municipalities’ perceptions of fairness in windpower developments? Saglie, I., Inderberg, T., Rognstad, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
A Spatial Analysis of the Potentials for Offshore Wind Farm Locations in the North Sea Region: Challenges and Opportunities Gusatu, L., Yamu, C., Zuidema, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective Nazir, M., Ali, N., Bilal, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Cairn Duhie Wind Farm EIA Scoping Report Mallon, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine stepping‐stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations Coolen, J., Boon, A., Crooijmans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Numerical simulation and application of noise for high-power wind turbines with double blades based on large eddy simulation model Li, J., Liu, R., Yuan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Multiple values for the management and sustainable use of coastal and marine ecosystem services Chakraborty, S., Gasparatos, A., Blasiak, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F., Millikin, R., Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Measurement and Prediction of Underwater Noise from Impact Pile Driving during the Construction of Offshore Wind Farm Han, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger Arrondo, E., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Perez-Garcia, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Potential effects of electromagnetic fields in the Dutch North Sea Phase 2: Pilot field study Snoek, R., Bohm, C., Didderen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Options for biodiversity enhancement in offshore wind farms Bureau Waardenburg bv Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Strategic Planning of Offshore Wind Farms in Greece Spyridonidou, S., Vagiona, D., Loukogeorgaki, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Ecological impact of decommissioning offshore wind farms Teunis, M., Collier, M., Bakker, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Investing in meshed offshore grids in the Baltic Sea: catching up with the regulatory gap Bergaentzle, C., Pade, L., Larsen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Predicting strike susceptibility and collision patterns of the common buzzard at wind turbine structures in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
An Ensemble Framework to Investigate Wind Energy Sustainability Considering Climate Change Impacts Wang, S., Yang, H., Bao Pham, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean Jouffray, J., Blasiak, R., Norstrom, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
The politics of energy landscapes: the influence of local anti-wind initiatives on state policies in Saxony, Germany Lintz, G., Leibanath, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Stakeholder Outcomes in a Wind Turbine Investment: Is the Irish Energy Policy Effective in Reducing GHG Emissions and Electricity Costs by Promoting Small-Scale Embedded Turbines in SMEs? Kealy, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Reaction to a 3D Seismic Airgun Survey in the North Sea Sarnocinska, J., Teilmann, J., Balle, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Community Engagement in the Development of America’s First Offshore Wind Farm Schuster, L. Thesis Wind Energy
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden: Addendum with revised and extended assessment of impact on marine mammals Tougaard, J., Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Early conservation benefits of a de facto marine protected area at San Clemente Island, California Esgro, M., Lindholm, J., Nickols, K. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind energy development and wildlife conservation in Lithuania: A mapping tool for conflict assessment Morkune, R., Marčiukaitis, M., Jurkin, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds
Amplitude modulation of wind turbine sound in cold climates Conrady, K., Bolin, K., Sjoblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea Tidbury, H., Taylor, N., van der Molen, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Soft Bottom Macrobenthic Communities in Sandy Enclaves from the North Cotentin Peninsula (Central English Channel) Andres, S., Pezy, J., Martinez, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Community perceptions, beliefs and acceptability of renewable energies projects: A systematic mapping study Colmenares-Quintero, R., Benavides-Castillo, J., Rojas, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Policy and Measures for Sustainable Development of China’s Wind Power Industry Ren, D., Zheng, Y., Liu, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
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