Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Annual environmental report 2022 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms Lefaible, N.; Braeckman, U.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
The effect of offshore windfarms on hyperbenthic communities in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vansteelandt, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
eDNA metabarcoding reveals distinct fish and invertebrate diversity patterns in the shallow and well-mixed Belgian part of the North Sea Cornelis, I.; De Backer, A.; Vanhollebeke, J.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures Festjens, F.; Buyse, J.; De Backer, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind farms affect the spatial distribution pattern of plaice Pleuronectes platessa at both the turbine and wind farm scale Buyse, J.; Hostens, K.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Habitat Change Fish
Annual environmental report 2021 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Offshore Windfarm Footprint of Sediment Organic Matter Mineralization Processes De Borger, E.; Ivanov, E.; Capet, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farm Footprint on Organic and Mineral Particle Flux to the Bottom Ivanov, E.; Capet, A.; Borger, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Annual environmental report 2020 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2020 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evaluating receiver contributions to acoustic positional telemetry: a case study on Atlantic cod around wind turbines in the North Sea van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Winter, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Pelagic Fish
Offshore wind farms and the attraction-production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Annual environmental report 2019 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders Mavraki, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2019 De Conseth, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Annual environmental report 2018 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Annual environmental report 2017 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2017 De Conseth, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Cultivating mussels in the Belgian North Sea Pribadi, A.B.K.; Donatini, L.; Lataire, E.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Soft sediments epibenthos and fish monitoring at the Belgian offshore wind farm area: situation 6 and 7 years after construction De Backer, A.; Hostens, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Seabird monitoring at the Thornton Bank offshore wind farm: Lesser black-backed gull distribution in and around the wind farm using GPS logger data Vanermen, N.; Courtens, W.; Daelemans, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Annual environmental report 2016 - Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2016 Dumon, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Annual environmental report 2015 - Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Bats, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Annual environmental report 2014 - Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Wind Farm Thornton Bank Phase 1: Annual Environmental Report 2010 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wind Farm Thornton Bank Phase 1: Annual Environmental Report 2009 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2015 Van Laere, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Activity Report 2011 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2012 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea Baeye, M.; Fettweis, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Similar Diversity-Disturbance Responses to Different Physical Impacts: Three Cases of Small-Scale Biodiversity Increase in the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Backer, A.; Van Hoey, G.; Coates, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Enrichment and Shifts in Macrobenthic Assemblages in an Offshore Wind Farm Area in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Coates, D.; Deschutter, Y.; Vincx, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish

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