Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Marine Ecology Technical Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
The Need for Integrated Assessment of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Development Kannen, A., Vermaat, J., Salomons, W. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration Ruth, J., Barrow, W., Sojda,R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
TADS Investigations of Avian Collision Risk at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Assessment And Prediction Of Bird And Bat Mortality At Wind Energy Facilities In The Southeastern United States Nicholson, C., Tankersley, R. Jr., Fielder, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Raptors
Effect of habitat and foraging height on bat activity in the coastal plain of South Carolina Menzel, J., Menzel, M., Kilgo, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Guidance on the Assessment of the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms: Methodology for Assessing the Marine Navigational Safety Risks of Offshore Wind Farms UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Navigation
Scroby Sands Ornithological Monitoring: Assessing the potential impact of the proposed wind farm upon Little tern Sterna albifrons: the construction phase 2004 Perrow, M., Skeate, E., Tomlinson, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Bird Numbers and Distributions in the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Area Petersen, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Investigations of migratory birds during operation of Horns Rev offshore wind farm. Annual status report 2004 Christensen, T., Hounisen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Humber Gateway, Environmental Statement: Section 7, Description of the Physical Baseline Environment E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment
Effects of Wind Turbines on Bird Abundance: Systematic Review Stewart, G., Pullin, A., Coles, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Seabed Morphology Off Southern Long Island: Studies of Artificial Reefs and Implications for Wind Farms Flood, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds
Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Greater Gabbard Offshore Winds Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bird and Bat Behavior and Mortality at a Northern Iowa Windfarm Jain, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project: Field Survey Report - Benthic Sampling using Beam Trawls, Otter Trawls and Day Grabs in the Thames Estuary during 2003 and 2004 Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
The Development of Marine Based Wind Energy Generation and Inshore Fisheries in UK Waters: Are They Compatible? Rodmell, D., Johnson, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Behavior of Red-Tailed Hawks in a Wind Turbine Development Hoover, S., Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Scroby Sands Wind Farm Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Environmental Impact Assessment for Andmyran wind farm in Andøy, Nordland Bjerke, J., Strann, K., Frivoll, V. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Intertidal survey of proposed LAL cable landing at Cleve Hill, September 2004 Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise-a dose–response relationship Pedersen, E., Waye, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Bat Activity, Composition, and Collision Mortality At a Large Wind Plant in Minnesota Johnson, G., Perlik, M., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Stateline Wind Project Wildlife Monitoring Final Report: July 2001 - December 2003 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Repowering the APWRA: Forecasting and Minimizing Avian Mortality without Significant Loss of Power Generation Smallwood, K., Neher, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Ecology and Demography of Bicknell's Thrush on East Mountain, East Haven, Vermont: Evaluating Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Construction Rimmer, C., Faccio, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
WT-Bird: Bird Collision Recording for Offshore Wind Farms Wiggelinkhuizen, E., Rademakers, L., Barhorst, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
The Influence Of Large-Scale Wind Power On Global Climate Keith, D., DeCarolis, J., Denkenberger, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Life Cycle Assessment for Emerging Technologies: Case Studies for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Jungbluth, N., Bauer, C., Dones, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds and Bats: A Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez Clausen, N., Mortensen, N., Hansen, J. Report Wind Energy Birds
Effects of Wind Farms on Birds Langston, R., Pullan, J. Book Wind Energy Birds
Measurements of Underwater Noise During Construction of Offshore Wind Farms and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Can Large Wind Farms Affect Local Meteorology? Baidya Roy, S., Pacala, S., Walko, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Holberg Wind Energy Assessment Report British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Review of Offshore Windfarm Related Underwater Noise Sources Nedwell, J., Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Beyond NIMBYism: towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy Devine-Wright, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Avian Monitoring and Risk Assessment at the Tehachapi Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: October 2, 1996 - May 27, 1998 Anderson, R., Newmann, N., Tom, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Review of red-throated diver prey species in the Thames Estuary Pollock, C., Barton, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Fish
Displaying 6041 - 6080 of 6408 results