Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Remote Techniques for Counting and Estimating the Number of Bird-Wind Turbine Collisions at Sea: A Review Desholm, M., Fox, A., Beasley, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds Fox, A., Desholm, M., Kahlert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The British Ornithologists' Union Annual Spring Conference 2005 University of Leicester, 1-3 April 2005 Lanchbery, J., Mitchell, C., Tomlinson, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Wind Turbine Underwater Noise and Marine Mammals: Implications of Current Knowledge and Data Needs Madsen, P., Wahlberg, M., Tougaard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Opening address to Wind, Fire and Water: Renewable Energy and Birds Morley, E. Journal Article Wind Energy
Offshore Windmill Farms: Threats to or Possibilities for the Marine Environment Petersen, J., Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
The Development and Use of Individuals-Based Models to Predict the Effects of Habitat Loss and Disturbance on Waders and Waterfowl West, A., Caldow, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Birds
Conference plenary discussion, conclusions and recommendations Langston, R., Fox, A., Drewitt, A. Journal Article Wind Energy
The Influence Of Offshore Windpower On Demersal Fish Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T., Öhman, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Distribution and Behaviour of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Relative to Prey Resources and Environmental Parameters Kaiser, M., Galanidi, M., Showler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Eurus Combine Hills Turbine Ranch Phase 1 Post Construction Wildlife Monitoring First Annual Report Young, D. Jr., Jeffrey, J., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Existing Natural Resource Conditions at the Proposed Deerfield Wind Project Arrowwood Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Survey of Possible Operational Impacts on Bats by Wind Facilities in Southern Germany Brinkmann, R., Schauer-Weisshahn, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Supplemental Marine Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Revised Layout Offshore Project Area The Public Archaeology Laboratory, Inc. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Likely Sensitivity of Bottlenose Dolphins to Pile-Driving Noise David, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Supplement to the Phase I Avian Risk Assessment and Breeding Bird Study for the Deerfield Wind Project, Bennington County, Vermont Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Impacts on Biodiversity of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources: The Example of Birds and Bats Hötker, H., Thomsen, K., Jeromin, H. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
The MINOS Project: Ecological Assessments of Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Projects Kellermann, A., Eskildsen, K., Frank, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds in Evros and Rhodopi, Greece: Preliminary results Ruiz, G., Poirazidis, K., Schindler, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Impact of Windfarm OWEZ on the Local Macrobenthos Community Daan, R., Mulder, M., Bergman, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Galway Bay Test Site Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) Project Site Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O., Teilmann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Recent Developments in Environmental Assessment Methods for Wind Turbine Noise Howe, B., McCabe, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Distribution of Harbour Seals in the German Bight in Relation to Offshore Wind Power Plants Adelung, D., Kierspel, M., Liebsch, N. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part B Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind Turbine Noise - An Overview Bastasch, T., van Dam, J., Søndergaard, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Bird collision monitoring system for multi megawatt wind turbines WT-Bird: Summary of prototype development and testing Wiggelinkhuizen, E., Rademakers, L., Barhorst, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Black Bear Corridor Crossings in the Vicinity of the Searsburg Wind Turbines as Investigated in 1995 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Monitoring the Potential Impact of A Wind Development Site on Bats in the Northeast Reynolds, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark Petersen, I., Christensen, T., Kahlert, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Marine Organisms Bochert, R., Zettler, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Environmental Noise Assessment of Wind Farms Lightstone, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
An Overview of Ocean Renewable Energy Barry, C., Kamen, P. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Kaheawa Pastures Wind Energy Generation Facility: Habitat Conservation Plan Kaheawa Wind Power Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Comprehensive Renewable Energy Feasibility Study for Sealaska Corporation: Report September 2002 through December 2005 Lynette, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Marine Mammal Survey Report Shepherd, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Summer 2005 Breeding Birds Surveys at the Proposed Top Notch Wind Project in Fairfield and Norway, New York Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Displaying 5921 - 5960 of 6408 results