Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Relationships between Bats and Wind Turbines in Pennsylvania and West Virginia: An Assessment of Fatality Search Protocols, Patterns of Fatality, and Behavioral Interactions with Wind Turbines Arnett, E., Erickson, W., Kerns, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bird Strikes and Electrocutions at Power Lines, Communication Towers, and Wind Turbines: State of the Art and State of the Science - Next Steps Toward Mitigation Manville, A. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Birds
A Summary and Comparison of Bird Mortality from Anthropogenic Causes with an Emphasis on Collisions Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Young, D. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Assessment of Avian Mortality from Collisions and Electrocutions Dorin, M., Speigel, L., McKinney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Environmental Statement RPS group Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Combining a participatory planning approach with a virtual landscape model for the siting of wind turbines Lange, E., Hehl-Lange, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind Turbines and Birds: A Background Review for Environmental Assessment Kingsley, A., Whittam, B. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Proceedings of Wind Energy and Wildlife: The Good, the Bad... the Possible Kathy, B., MacGregor, G., Grodner, S. Report Wind Energy Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Hard Bottom Substrate Monitoring Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Annual Status Report 2004 Leonhard, S., Pedersen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Searsburg Wind Tower Expansion Project Bat Habitat Assessment and Mapping Final Report Prepared Arrowwood Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Landscape Classification System: Addressing Environmental Issues Associated with Utility-Scale Wind Energy Development in Virginia Boone, D., Dunscomb, J., Giecek, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Sand Banks, Sand Transport and Offshore Wind Farms: Technical Report Kenyon, N., Cooper, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Surveys of Hard Bottom Communities on Foundations in Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Schönheiders Pulle in 2004 Birklund, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Report of the Intersessional Working Group on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations Rodrigues, L., Harbusch, C., Smith, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Inshore-Offshore Comparison of Parasite Infestation in Mytilus edulis: Implications for Open Ocean Aquaculture Buck, B., Thieltges, D., Walter, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The ‘Social Gap’ in Wind Farm Siting Decisions: Explanations and Policy Responses Bell, D., Gray, T., Haggett, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Fall 2004 Avian Migration Surveys at the Proposed Deerfield Wind/Searsburg Expansion Project in Searsburg and Readsboro, Vermont Roy, R., Pelletier, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Birds and Windfarms: What are the Real Issues? Percival, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy Raptors, Birds
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment: Clayton Wind Farm Jefferson County, New York Kerlinger, P., Guarnaccia, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment: Herkimer Wind Farm Herkimer County, New York Kerlinger, P., Guarnaccia, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Partial Re-Assessment of an Adaptive management Plan for the APWRA: Accounting for Turbine Size Smallwood, S., Spiegel, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
Hearing in Fish and their Reactions to Sounds from Offshore Wind Farms Wahlberg, M., Westerberg, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Vegetation Types and Valuable Habitats at the Islets Sandholmene in Rost Municipality, Nordland County - Impact Assessment in Relation to Planned Construction of Wind Power Station Bjerke, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
A Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Fish & Shellfish Resources with Respect to Proposed Offshore Wind Farms in the Eastern Irish Sea Lockwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Radar and Visual Study of Nocturnal Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Flat Rock Wind Power Project, New York, Fall 2004 Mabee, T., Plissner, J., Cooper, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Passerines
The Environmental Case for Wind Power in New Jersey Ridlington, E., Rusch, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
A radar and visual study of nocturnal bird and bat migration at the proposed Prattsburgh-Italy wind power project, New York, spring 2005 Mabee, T., Plissner, J., Cooper, B. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Nature Conservation Guidance on Offshore Windfarm Development - A Guidance Note on the Implications of the EC Wild Birds and Habitats Directives for Developers Undertaking Offshore Windfarm Developments UK Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Proceedings of the Onshore Wildlife Interactions with Wind Developments: Research Meeting V Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Melancthon Grey Wind Project Environmental Screening Report Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Snefjord vindpark: Vurdering av konsekvenser for landskap, flora, fauna, friluftsliv, kulturminner og reindriftsnæring Tombre, I., Andersen, O., Barlindhaug, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Effects of Sound on Fish Hastings, M., Popper, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Assessment to Support an Adaptive Management Plan for the APWRA Smallwood, S., Speigel, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions
Bird Numbers and Distributions in the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Area Petersen, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Environmental Assessment Studies on wind turbines and bat populations - a step towards best practice guidelines Harbusch, C., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Seabed Morphology Off Southern Long Island: Studies of Artificial Reefs and Implications for Wind Farms Flood, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds
Effects of Wind Turbines on Bird Abundance: Systematic Review Stewart, G., Pullin, A., Coles, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Investigations of migratory birds during operation of Horns Rev offshore wind farm. Annual status report 2004 Christensen, T., Hounisen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Humber Gateway, Environmental Statement: Section 7, Description of the Physical Baseline Environment E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment
Displaying 6001 - 6040 of 6408 results