Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6396
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Responsible Practices for Regional Wildlife Monitoring and Research in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development Regional Synthesis Workgroup of the Environmental Technical Working Group Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Floating offshore wind farms in Mediterranean marine protected areas: a cautionary tale Lloret, J., Wawrzynkowski, P., Dominguez-Carrió, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Grid Connection Pathway – Phase 2 Commission for Regulation of Utilities Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Windfarm and Wildfire: Spatial ecology of an endangered freshwater turtle in a recovering landscape Delay, S., Urguhart, O., Litzgus, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Reptiles
Government intervention and technological innovation in the wind power industry in China: The role of industrial environmental turbulence Jiang, Z., Shi, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Agricultural landowner perspectives on wind energy development in Alberta, Canada: insights from the lens of energy justice and democracy Chewinski, M., Anders, S., Parkins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E., Gerber, J., Ray, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Competing for space? A multi-criteria scenario framework intended to model the energy–biodiversity–land nexus for regional renewable energy planning based on a German case study Weber, J., Steinkamp, T., Reichenbach, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Spatial Planning
The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms challenges the reliability of ICES-coordinated fish surveys—insights from the Baltic Sea Haase, S., von Dorrien, C., Kaljuste, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immune response mechanisms of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under noise stress from offshore wind turbine Cheng, X., Zhang, L., Gao, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy
Variation in flight characteristics associated with entry by eagles into rotor‐swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B., Braham, M., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Impact of siting ordinances on land availability for wind and solar development Lopez, A., Cole, W., Sergi, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Bat Behavior at Commercial Wind Turbines as Revealed by 3-D Thermal Videography Aghababian, S. Thesis Wind Energy Collision Bats
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius’ pipistrelle at the southern North Sea during autumn migration Lagerveld, S., Wilkes, T., van Puijenbroek, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Bats
Insects are attracted to white wind turbine bases: evidence from turbine mimics Crawford, M., Dority, D., Dillon, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Marine spatial planning to solve increasing conflicts at sea: A framework for prioritizing offshore windfarms and marine protected areas Boussarie, G., Kopp, D., Lavialle, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
To wind up changed: Assessing the value of social conflict on onshore wind energy in transforming institutions in the Netherlands de Looze, A., Cuppen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Wind Energy and Insects: Reviewing the State of Knowledge and Identifying Potential Interactions Weschler, M. Thesis Wind Energy Attraction, Collision Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E., Rochas, C., Piper, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Are offshore wind farms in the Netherlands a potential threat for coastal populations of noctule? Lagerveld, S., Mostert, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
FINAL Information Needed for Issuance of a Notice of Intent (NOI) Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for a Construction and Operations Plan (COP) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Forecasting suitable areas for wind turbine occurrence to proactively improve wildlife conservation Boggie, M., Butler, M., Sesnie, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Integrating Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring into Offshore Wind Energy Development Infrastructure and Operations Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Birds, Marine Mammals
Building a Collaborative Data Strategy for the U.S. Offshore Wind Industry Courtney, F., Sen, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Campaign 8 Interim Report 1 McKenna, K., Hsu, S., O'Brien, O. Report Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Towards failed renewable energy communities? Activist attempts to change market conditions in the Danish wind energy market Kirkegaard, J., Nyborg, S., Georg, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Relation Between Underwater Noise and Operating Offshore Wind Turbines Holme, C., Simurda, M., Gerlach, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Longfin squid reproductive behaviours and spawning withstand wind farm pile driving noise Jones, I., Schumm, M., Stanley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
The Tradeoff Between Wildlife Conservation and Renewable Energy: Evidence from Golden Eagles and Wind Turbines O'Brien, B., Hagerty, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Bat mortality in wind farms of southern Europe: temporal patterns and implications in the current context of climate change del Mar Salguero, M., De la Cruz, A., Munoz, A-R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Impacts of climate change on wind energy potential in Australasia and South-East Asia following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Fournier, A., Martinez, A., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental DNA reveals spatial patterns of fish and plankton diversity at a floating offshore wind farm Hestetun, J., Ray, J., Murvoll, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish
Erfahrungsbericht Betriebsschall: Projektübergreifende Auswertung und Bewertung der Unterwasserschallmessungen aus der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windparks Bellmann, M., Müller, T., Scheiblich, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Supergen Sixth Annual Assembly Welcome Address Greaves, D. Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys Methratta, E., Lipsky, A., Boucher, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Parc éolien en mer de Saint Nazaire _ Suivi de l'avifaune et de la mégafaune marine.: Rapport final de la mesure MSU10 en phase de construction (Octobre 2021- Septembre 2022) Biotope Report Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Accelerating Offshore Wind – The Role of Innovative Technology in Decision Making and Faster Consenting ORE Catapult Report Wind Energy Collision, Noise Human Dimensions
Displaying 561 - 600 of 6396 results