Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6388
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Decommissioning of offshore wind farms and its impact on benthic ecology Spielmann, V., Dannheim, J., Brey, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M., Díaz-Ruiz, F., Duarte, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Wind power distribution across subalpine, boreal, and temperate landscapes Svensson, J., Neumann, W., Bjärstig, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Mitigation measures for preventing collision of birds with wind turbines Garcia-Rosa, P., Tande, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Recommendations for Evaluating the Use of Existing Baseline Observational Survey Data for Birds in Offshore Wind Site Characterization Processes for the U.S. Atlantic Avian Displacement Guidance Committee Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition Veers, P., Dykes, K., Baranowski, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Opportunities and Challenges in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Fuchs, R., Musial, W., Zuckerman, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
WILDetect: An intelligent platform to perform airborne wildlife census automatically in the marine ecosystem using an ensemble of learning techniques and computer vision Kuru, K., Clough, S., Ansell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures van der Kamp, M., Brekelmans, M., Verweij, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing Areas for Interactions between Tricolored Bats and Wind Energy Facilities Rodriguez, R., Robbins, J., Quillen, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm Buyse, J., Reubens, J., Hostens, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions
Quick scan of cumulative impacts on the North Sea biodiversity: with a focus on selected species in relation to future developments in offshore wind energy Jongbloed, R., Tamis, J., van der Wal, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions
Joint OSPAR/HELCOM/ICES Working Group on Seabirds (JWGBIRDS; Outputs from 2022 Meeting) Dierschke, V., Frederiksen, M., Glemarec, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Bioseco Pilot Study Results Report Camera-Based Anti-Collision System Species Protection Assessment Clausen, E., Welcker, J., Liesenjohann, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The overlooked threat of land take from wind energy infrastructures: Quantification, drivers and policy gaps Kati, V., Kassara, C., Panagos, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats Leroux, C., Le Viol, I., Valet, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Validation of the bird migration prediction model Kraal, J., Krijgsveld, K., Japink, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Study on the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Surrounding Water Environment in the Yangtze Estuary Based on Remote Sensing Cai, L., Hu, Q., Qiu, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Numerical Study of Turbulent Wake of Offshore Wind Turbines and Retention Time of Larval Dispersion Ajmi, S., Boutet, M., Bennis, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Med OCEaN Recommendations to ensure nature-friendly offshore wind and grid development with robust and timely Maritime Spatial Planning Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
How bubble curtains protect porpoises from wind farm noise Hardach, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing fish ecology around OWFs using eDNA Elliot, M., Dickens, S., Robbins, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Upcalling behaviour and patterns in North Atlantic right whales, implications for monitoring protocols during wind energy development Davis, G., Tennant, S., Van Parijs, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
Offshore renewables environmental approvals Australian Government Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy
A holistic tool to assess the cost and environmental performance of floating offshore wind farms Ferreira, V., Benveniste, G., Rapha, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines Chambert, T., Duriez, O., Deleaux, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones Gall, A., Thompson, P., Merchant, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands Cerri, J., Fozzi, I., De Rosa, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Published from October 2019 to July 2022 Teige, E., Maxwell, L., Jordan, S. Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish Duffy, O., Chumbinho, R., Coca, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Fish distribution in three dimensions around the Block Island Wind Farm as observed with conventional and volumetric echosounders Jech, J., Lipsky, A., Moran, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J., Jaco, E., Scholz, Z. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Energy Conversion Factors in Underwater Radiated Sound from Marine Piling: Review of the method and recommendations Wood, M., Ainslie, M., Burns, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Report on the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 2023 Ahola, M., Alves, F., Authier, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound Jézéquel, Y., Jandial, P., Cones, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Further development of marine mammal dynamic energy budgets models for application to environmental assessments and integration into the iPCoD framework Harwood, J., Chudzinska, M., Booth, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Quick scan of effects from large upscaling of offshore wind (part B) Odinga, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
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