Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J., Fuentes-Montemayor, E., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Beware the Boojum: Caveats and Strengths of Avian Radar Beason, R., Nohara, T., Weber, P. Journal Article Birds
Wildlife Impacts of and Public Attitudes Towards Small Wind Turbines Tatchley, C. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Developing a Habitat Loss Method for Assessing Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms Busch, M., Buisson, R., Barrett, Z. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Limited Impact of a Small Residential Wind Turbine on Birds on an Off-Shore Island in Maine Morris, S., Stumpe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Analysis of Wind Farm Effects on the Surrounding Environment: Assessing Population Trends of Breeding Passerines Garcia, D., Canavero, G., Ardenghi, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Bird Sensitivity Mapping for Wind Energy Developments and Associated Infrastructure in the Republic of Ireland McGuiness, S., Muldoon, C., Tierney, N. Report Wind Energy Birds
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options May, R., Reitan, O., Bevanger, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Deriving an Avoidance Rate for Swans Suitable for Onshore Wind Farm Collision Risk Modelling Whitfield, D., Urquhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Approaching birds with drones: first experiments and ethical guidelines Vas, E., Lescroel, A., Duriez, O. Journal Article Birds
A first approach to deal with cumulative effects on birds and bats of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: A First Approach to Deal with Cumulative Effects on Birds and Bats of Offshore Wind Farms and Other Human Activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Bats
Do Raptors React to Ultraviolet Light? Hunt, W., McClure, C., Allison, T. Journal Article Lighting Birds, Raptors
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A., Hanna, L., Van Cleve, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Spring Flyways of Migrating Soaring Birds in Akkar, Northern Lebanon Ramadan-Jaradi, G., Ramadan-Jaradi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002-2012 Hull, C., Sims, C., Stark, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D., Irwin, S., Wilson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Adaptable Monitoring Package (AMP) Polagye, B., Stewart, A., Joslin, J. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Renewable Energy Developments in an Uncertain World: The Case of Offshore Wind and Birds in the UK Masden, E., McCluskie, A., Owen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E., Cook, S., Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
Bicknell's Thrush: An Endangered Migrant in a Recovering Landscape McIntyre, E., Riordan, J. Report Birds
Birds and Wind-Energy Best-Practice Guidelines: Best-Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Monitoring the Impact of Wind Energy Facilities on Birds in Southern Africa Jenkins, A., van Rooyen, C., Smallie, J. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Observations from the Use of Dogs to Undertake Carcass Searches at Wind Facilities in Australia Bennett, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Predicting the Weather-Dependent Collision Risk for Birds at Wind Farms Skov, H., Heinänen, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
First Year Post-Construction Monitoring of Bats and Birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Biodiversity & Wind Energy: A Bird's and Bat's Perspective Mascarenhas, M., Bernardino, J., Paula, A. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Animal Reactions to Oncoming Vehicles: A Conceptual Review Lima, S., Blackwell, B., DeVault, T. Journal Article Collision Marine Mammals, Birds
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Pelagic Seabirds off the East Coast of the United States 2008-2013 Veit, R., Goyert, H., White, T. Report Birds, Seabirds
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Common Raven Occurrence in Relation to Energy Transmission Line Corridors Transiting Human-Altered Sagebrush Steppe Coates, P., Howe, K., Casazza, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Assessing the Influence of Wind Turbines and Land-use on Mortality Risk of Avian Species on the Llano Estacado with Emphasis on Birds of Prey Linner, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Assessment of Fish and Wildlife Presence Near Two River Instream Energy Conversion Devices in the Kvichak River, Alaska in 2014 Nemeth, M., Priest, J., Patterson, H. Report Marine Energy, Riverine Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
An Evaluation of the Use of Shore-Based Surveys for Estimating Spatial Overlap between Deep-Diving Seabirds and Tidal Stream Turbines Waggitt, J., Bell, P., Scott, B. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Birds
Nest Survival of Red-Winged Blackbirds in Agricultural Areas Developed for Wind Energy Gillespie, M., Dinsmore, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Passerines, Birds
Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility Peters, K., Mizrahi, D., Allen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Study of the Wildlife of Jhimpir Wind Corridor, District Thatta, Sindh and Development of Bird Monitoring Strategy in the Area Ghalib, S., Khan, M., Ahmed, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Maps of SPA breeding seabird foraging ranges Scottish Natural Heritage Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment Horton, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Displaying 1321 - 1360 of 2478 results