Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ökobilanzierung von Schweizer Windenergie Eymann, L., Stucki, M., Fürholz, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions, Birds
Two-Dimensional Thermal Video Analysis of Offshore Bird and Bat Flight Matzner, S., Cullinan, V., Duberstein, C. Journal Article Birds, Bats
Effects of Wind Farms on Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus) in Southern Spain Hernández-Pliego, J., de Lucas, M., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean Zipkin, E., Kinlan, B., Sussman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
The Scientific Validity of Criticisms made by the RSPB of Metrics used to Assess Population Level Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Seabirds Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Acoustic Indices for Biodiversity Assessments: Analyses of Bias Based on Simulated Bird Assemblages and Recommendations for Field Surveys Gasc, A., Pavoine, S., Lellouch, L. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Marine Licence Hywind Scotland Pilot Park The Scottish Government, Marine Scotland Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Developing an automated risk management tool to minimize bird and bat mortality at wind facilities Willmott, J., Forcey, G., Hooton, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Bats
An autonomous GPS geofence alert system to curtail avian fatalities at wind farms Sheppard, J., McGann, A., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: collision risk modelling WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Assessing the structure and temporal dynamics of seabird communities: the challenge of capturing marine ecosystem complexity Moreno, R., Stowasser, G., McGill, R. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: avoidance rate review WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: population model WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Birds, Waterfowl
Wales' Marine Evidence Report Welsh Government Report Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
A Unifying Framework for the Underlying Mechanisms of Avian Avoidance of Wind Turbines May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Avoidance Birds
Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (2012-2014) Williams, K., Connelly, E., Johnson, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Marine Life Observation using Classification Algorithms on Ocean Surface Photographs Maussang, F., Guelton, L., Garello, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
Runde Miljøsenter: North Atlantic Seabird Seminar Hundeide, M. Report Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
Investigating the Potential Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Developments on Seabirds Wade, H. Thesis Marine Energy Birds
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R., Vanermen, N., Steinen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Verschelde, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
NYSERDA Environmental Research Program Plan Research Area 4: Marine Wind and Wildlife New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Symbiotic Offshore Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems Slocum, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Birds
Managing coexistence for bats and wind turbines Alvarez-Castaneda, T., Lidicker, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review Wang, S., Wang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
Landscape-scale distribution and density of raptor populations wintering in anthropogenic-dominated desert landscapes Duerr, A., Miller, T., Duerr, K. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
Landscapes for Energy and Wildlife: Conservation Prioritization for Golden Eagles across Large Spatial Scales Tack, J., Fedy, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Windfarms, Masterplan 2.0 and Appendix Arcadis Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Key Seabird Areas in Southern New England Identified Using a Community Occupancy Model Flanders, N., Gardner, B., Winiarski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Confusion Reigns? A Review of Marine Megafauna Interactions with Tidal-Stream Environments Benjamins, S., Dale, A., Hastie, G. Book Chapter Tidal, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Birds
Using Spatial Analyses of Bearded Vulture Movements in Southern Africa to Inform Wind Turbine Placement Reid, T., Kruger, S., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Consolidating the State of Knowledge: A Synoptical Review of Wind Energy's Wildlife Effects Schuster, E., Bulling, L., Köppel, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Birds, Bats
Evaluation of the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds: The Case Study of Lebanon Al Zohbi, G., Hendrick, P., Bouillard, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The visual fields of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) and Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica): foraging, vigilance and collision vulnerability Martin, G., Wanless, S. Journal Article Collision Birds, Seabirds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A., Levenstein, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
ACME: A Partially Periodic Estimator of Avian & Chiropteran Mortality at Wind Turbines Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Environmental Monitoring Report for VolturnUS Deployment in Castine, ME Brady, D. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Displaying 1241 - 1280 of 2478 results