Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility near a Wetland of International Importance Grodsky, S., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Spatially Explicit Model of Wintering Common Loons: Conservation Implications Winiarski, K., Miller, D., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Phase 1 Intertidal Survey Report Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment
Wave & Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Ornithological Impacts Kirby, A., Hawkins, K., Freeman, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Guidance Document Mackenzie, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
From Ground to Above Canopy - Bat Activity in Mature Forests is Driven by Vegetation Density and Height Muller, J., Brandl, R., Buchner, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Responses of Local Birds to the Offshore Wind Farms PAWP and OWEZ off the Dutch mainland coast Leopold, M., van Bemmelen, R., Zuur, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Evaluating Greater Sage-Grouse Seasonal Space Use Relative to Leks: Implications for Surface Use Designations in Sagebrush Ecosystems Coates, P., Casazza, M., Blomberg, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Diving Behaviour of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle in the Pentland Firth, UK: Potential for Interactions with Tidal Stream Energy Developments Masden, E., Foster, S., Jackson, A. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Birds
Nesting Burrowing Owl Density and Abundance in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K., Neher, L., Mount, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Birds
Modeling the Distribution of Migratory Bird Stopovers to Inform Landscape-Scale Siting of Wind Development Pocewicz, A., Estes-Zumpf, W., Andersen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Little tern Sternula albifrons use of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm in 2013 Perrow, M., Harwood, A. , Praca, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3): Appendix 2-Birds Canning, S., Lye, G., Kerr, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3): Chapter 1-Introduction and Executive Summary Walls, R., Pendlebury, C., Lancaster, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF Birds, Fish
Wind Farms and Birds: An Updated Analysis of the Effects of Wind Farms on Birds, and Best Practice Guidance on Integrated Planning and Impact Assessment Gove, B., Langston, R., McCluskie, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Birds
Bird Radar Validation in the Field by Time-Referencing Line-Transect Surveys Dokter, A., Baptist, M., Ens, B. Journal Article Birds
Bird Communities and Wind Farms: A Phylogenetic and Morphological Approach Herrera-Alsina, L., Villegas-Patraca, R., Eguiarte, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project EIA Scoping Report Statoil Wind Limited (SWL) Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC Brown, K., Smallwood, K., Karas, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind farms in Thrace: Updating the proposal for proper site selection WWF Greece Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Red-throated Diver Displacement Ellis, I., Ward, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
London Array Offshore Wind Farm: Ornithology Aerial Survey Report 2012-2013 APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Influence of Wind Turbines on Presence of Willet, Marbled Godwit, Wilson's Phalarope and Black Tern on Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota Niemuth, N., Walker, J., Gleason, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
The Effects of a Large-Scale Wind Farm on Breeding Season Survival of Female Mallards and Blue-Winged Teal in the Prairie Pothole Region Gue, C., Walker, J., Mehl, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Bird Impact Study of a Preloaded Composite Wind Turbine Blade Nanami, N., Ochoa, O. Conference Paper Wind Energy Birds
Fågelundersökningar vid Storruns vindkraftanläggning, Jämtland (Bird surveys at Storrun's wind farm, Jämtland) Falkdalen, U., Lindahl, L., Nygård, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
The Relative Vulnerability of Migratory Bird Species to Offshore Wind Energy Projects on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf: An Assessment Method and Database Willmott, J., Forcey, G., Kent, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Estimating the Indirect Impact of Wind Farms on Breeding Bird Assemblages: A Case Study in the Central Apennines Battisti, C., Franco, D., Norscia, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Long-Term Multibeam Measurements Around a Tidal Turbine Test Site in Orkney, Scotland Blondel, P., Williamson, B. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Long-Term Trends in Fatality Rates of Birds and Bats in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Birds and Offshore Wind: Studying and Assessing Effects Pereksta, D. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Windpark SeaStar Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Estimating Bat and Bird Mortality Occurring at Wind Energy Turbines from Covariates and Carcass Searches Using Mixture Models Korner-Nievergelt, F., Brinkmann, R., Niermann, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Abundance and Density of Lesser Prairie-Chickens and Leks in Texas Timmer, J., Butler, M., Ballard, W. Journal Article Birds
Modeling Habitat Use of a Fringe Greater Sage-Grouse Population at Multiple Spatial Scales Burnett, A. Thesis Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Mid-Atlantic Marine Wildlife Surveys, Modeling, and Data: Workshop to Establish Coordination & Communication Brown-Saracino, J., Smith, C., Gilman, P. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
New York Department of State Offshore Atlantic Ocean Study New York Department of State Report Fixed Offshore Wind Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds
Displaying 1481 - 1520 of 2478 results