Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessing the Impact of Small-Scale Wind Energy Proposals on the Natural Heritage Scottish Natural Heritage Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Addressing the factors that juxtapose raptors and wind turbines Hunt,G., Watson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas Graff, B., Jenks, J., Stafford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington Menza, C., Leirness, J., White, T. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Vertical Flow Simulations Using the Mesoscale Model to Assess Impacts on Soaring Birds around Offshore Wind Turbines Konagaya, M., Takahashi, M., Kato, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Spatiotemporal drivers of seabird distribution at the Pacific Marine Energy Center off Newport, OR Porquez, J. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds
Effects of wind‐energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions Shaffer, J., Buhl, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm: Ornithology Aerial Survey Report 2013 / 2014 APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Kincardine Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Appendix B: Aerial Surveys Report HiDef Aerial Surveying Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm - Pre-construction Aerial Survey Report Trinder, M., MacArthur, G. Report Wind Energy Birds
The Use of an Unsupervised Learning Approach for Characterizing Latent Behaviors in Accelerometer Data Chimienti, M., Cornulier, T., Owen, E. Journal Article Birds
Abundance and Distribution of Seabirds off Southeastern Massachusetts, 2011-2015 Veit, R., White, T., Perkins, S. Report Birds, Seabirds
Using kernel density estimation to explore habitat use by seabirds at a marine renewable wave energy test facility Leesa, K., Guerin, A., Masden, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Data to Decision in a Dynamic Ocean: Robust Species Distribution Models and Spatial Decision Frameworks Halpin, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Recreation & Tourism
U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2016 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Approaching Population Thresholds in Presence of Uncertainty: Assessing Displacement of Seabirds from Offshore Wind Farms Busch, M., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Collision Risk Model for "rufa" Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) Interacting with a Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Facility in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts Gordon, C., Nations, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Effects of a Wind Energy Development on Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat Selection and Population Demographics in Southeastern Wyoming LeBeau, C., Johnson, G., Holloran, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Reintroduction of White-tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla to Ireland Mee, A., Breen, D., Clarke, D. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach Angelici, F. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea Hüppop, O., Huppop, K., Diersche, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Avian Collision Risk Models for Wind Energy Impact Assessments Masden, E., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Seabird Counts at East Caithness Cliffs SPA for Marine Renewable Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation Hammar, L., Perry, D., Gullström, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning
Conflicts Between Birds and On-Shore Wind Farms Zwart, M., McKenzie, A., Minderman, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
2015 Bird and Bat Post Construction Monitoring Report – Laurel Mountain Wind Energy Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Armstrong, E. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Suggested seasonal definitions for birds in the Scottish Marine Environment Tyler, G. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Assessing local population vulnerability with branching process models: an application to wind energy development Erickson, R., Eager, E., Stanton, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits Dalthorp, D., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Subsea Cable Interactions with the Marine Environment NIRAS Consulting, Renewables Grid Initiative Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Humber Gateway: Bird Detection Radar Pink-footed Goose Monitoring Autumn 2015 Jones, R., Peggie, C., Fouracre, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
An Assessment of Direct Mortality to Avifauna from Wind Energy Facilities in North Dakota and South Dakota Graff, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I., Wakefield, E., Bearhop, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J., Warnke, M., Reichenbach, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
ADDRESSING IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEPLOYMENT ON MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds Agreement (AEWA) Report Wind Energy Birds
Displaying 1201 - 1240 of 2478 results