Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Birds/bats movement tracking with IR camera for wind farm applications Wei, L., Mirzaei, G., Majid, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2011-2013 Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Northern Gannet Avoidance of Offshore Windfarms Rehfisch, M., Barrett, Z., Brown, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Wind Farms Threaten Southern Africa's Cliff-Nesting Vultures Rushworth, I., Kruger, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
D4.17 Report on environmental monitoring protocols Magagna, D., Lauri, C., Butler, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs Searle, K., Mobbs, D., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Applying bioacoustic methods for long-term monitoring of a nocturnal wetland bird Frommolt, K., Tauchert, K. Journal Article Birds
EMEC Billia Croo Wave Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Monitoreo de aves y murciélagos en la zona potencial para el desarrollo de un parque eólico en el área de Hipólito, General Cepeda, Coahuila Guzmán-Velasco, A., González-Rojas, J. I., Ruvalcaba-Ortega, I. Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Integrating Aerial and Ship Surveys of Marine Birds into a Combined Density Surface Model: A Case Study of Wintering Common Loons Winiarski, K., Burt, M., Rexstad, E. Journal Article Birds
EMEC Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
A Review of Marine Bird Diving Behaviour: Assessing Underwater Collision Risk with Tidal Turbines Robbins, A., Thaxter, C., Cook, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Integration of passive acoustic monitoring data into OBIS-SEAMAP, a global biogeographic database, to advance spatially-explicit ecological assessments Fujioka, E., Soldevilla, M., Read, A. Journal Article Seabirds, Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Birds
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Literature Review Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, L., Scott-Hayward, L. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
Seabird Surveys in High Energy Marine Sites; Marrying Best Practice and Guidance Jackson, D., Pinder, S. Presentation Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
A Combination of Empirical and Modelled Datasets Reveals Associations between Deep Diving Seabirds and Oceanographical Processes at Fine Spatiotemporal Scales in a High Energy Habitat Waggitt, J., Bell, P., Cazenave, P. Presentation Birds
Using the FLOWBEC Seabed Frame to Understand Underwater Interactions between Diving Seabirds, Prey, Hydrodynamics and Tidal and Wave Energy Structures Williamson, B., Scott, B., Waggitt, J. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds, Seabirds
Riding the waves: use of the Pelamis device by seabirds Jackson, A. Conference Paper Wave Attraction, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Design and Initial Component Tests of an Integrated Avian and Bat Collision Detection System for Offshore Wind Turbines Flowers, J., Albertani, R., Harrison, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wolfe Island Wind Plant Post-Construction Follow-up Plan Bird and Bat Resource Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Short-Term Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Greater Sage-Grouse Fitness LeBeau, C., Beck, J., Johnson, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Recommendations for the Presentation and Content of Interim Marine Bird, Mammal, and Basking Shark Survey Reports for Marine Renewable Energy Development Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance Marine Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Increased Flight Altitudes among Migrating Golden Eagles Suggest Turbine Avoidance at a Rocky Mountain Wind Installation Johnston, N., Bradley, J., Otter, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Collision Risk and Micro-Avoidance Rates of Birds with Wind Turbines in Flanders Everaert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Soaring Migratory Birds Avoid Wind Farm in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Southern Mexico Villegas-Patraca, R., Cabrera-Cruz, S., Herrera-Alsina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Differential Mortality of Birds Killed at Wind Farms in Northern Portugal Morinha, F., Travassos, P., Seixas, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Effects of Wind Energy Development on Nesting Ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens in Fragmented Grasslands McNew, L., Hunt, L., Gregory, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Habitat Use and Selection of Black Scoters in Southern New England and Siting of Offshore Wind Energy Facilities Loring, P., Paton, P., Osenkowski, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds
Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Aerial Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012 Adams, J., Felis, J., Mason, J. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Clark, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Seabirds, Birds
Dogger Bank Environmental Statement - Chapter 11: Marine and Coastal Ornithology Thornton, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Construction and Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan Block Island Wind Farm Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Accounting for Unsearched Areas in Estimating Wind Turbine-Caused Fatality Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Marine Renewable Energy and Environmental Interactions: Baseline Assessments of Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles and Benthic Communities on the Oregon Shelf Henkel, S., Suryan, R., Lagerquist, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Birds
Seabirds and Marine Renewables: Are we Asking the Right Questions? Scott, B., Langton, R., Philpott, E. Book Chapter Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
Upland Land use Predicts Population Decline in a Globally Near-Threatened Wader Douglas, D., Bellamy, P., Stephen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Displaying 1401 - 1440 of 2478 results