Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A., Hanna, L., Van Cleve, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Special Issue: Renewable Ocean Energy Development and the Environment Zydlewski, G., Copping, A., Redden, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M., de Magalhaes, R., Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Depth use and migratory behaviour of homing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish coastal waters Godfrey, J., Stewart, D., Middlemas, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Fish
The impact of local campaigns against wind energy developments Ogilvie, M., Rootes, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
CENTRAL EÓLICA OFFSHORE – WINDFLOAT ATLANTIC ESTUDO DE INCIDÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS Vol. II – Relatório ecobase consulting, WindPlus Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
2014 Bat Survey Report: Wilton IV Wind Energy Center Burleigh County, North Dakota Wilton Wind IV Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile Escobar, L., Juarez, C., Medina-Vogel, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Wind Energy Planning: Lessons from the United Kingdom and Germany Phylip-Jones, J., Fischer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Predicting the Weather-Dependent Collision Risk for Birds at Wind Farms Skov, H., Heinänen, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Valuing the Local Impacts of a Large Scale Wind Power Establishment in Northern Sweden: Public and Private Preferences Toward Economic, Environmental and Sociocultural Values Ek, K., Matti, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
An investigation of the fisheries ecosystem dynamics in Rhode Island's nearshore waters Malek, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Wind and Wildlife: Proceedings from the Conference on Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts, October 2012, Melbourne, Australia Hull, C., Bennett, E., Stark, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy
The Role of Islands in the Migration of Bats Across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario: Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus and Perimyotis subflavus Thorne, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Planning for Net Biodiversity Gains: A Case Study of Hau_uru m_ raki Wind Farm, New Zealand Craig, J., Kessels, G., Langlands, P. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Key Learnings from Ten Years of Monitoring and Management Interventions at the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms: Results of a Review Sims, C., Hull, C., Stark, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
In Sowing the Wind, How Ireland could Reap the Whirlwind - A Case Against Irish Wind Development(s) Barrett, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Life Cycle Co-Benefits Assessment of Wind Power in China Xue, B., Ma, Z., Geng, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore wind climatology based on synergetic use of Envisat ASAR, ASCAT and QuikSCAT Hasager, C., Mouche, A., Badger, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Renewable Energy Developments in an Uncertain World: The Case of Offshore Wind and Birds in the UK Masden, E., McCluskie, A., Owen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Informe Ambiental Resumen: Parque Eólico Valentines LKSur Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Environmental Impact Assessment
Effect of pile-driving sound on the survival of fish larvae Bolle, L., de Jong, C., Blom, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pelagic Fish, Fish
Depth use and movements of homing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish coastal waters in relation to marine renewable energy development Godfrey, J., Stewart, D., Middlemas, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Pelagic Fish
Wind of Change or Wind of Challenges: Implementation Factors Regarding Wind Energy Development, an International Perspective Gartman, V., Wichmann, K., Bulling, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
The discourse of "social licence to operate": case study of the Australian wind industry Hall, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Noise Exposure: A Systematic Review Schmidt, J., Klokker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Spellman, F. Book Wind Energy, Marine Energy
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Common Raven Occurrence in Relation to Energy Transmission Line Corridors Transiting Human-Altered Sagebrush Steppe Coates, P., Howe, K., Casazza, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Realizing the social acceptance of community renewable energy: A process-outcome analysis of stakeholder influence Ruggiero, S., Onkila, T., Kuittinen, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Report on the Implications for European Sites Proposed Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Offshore Wind Farm The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Blown in the Wind: Bats and Wind Farms in Brazil Bernard, E., Paese, A., Machado, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Impacts of the renewable energy law on the developments of wind energy in Turkey Dursun, B., Gokcol, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Influence of Large Offshore Wind Farms on the North Sea and Baltic Sea - A Comprehensive Literature Review Clark, S., Schroeder, F., Baschek, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generated by Offshore Wind Farms Reimers, B., Özdirik, B., Kaltschmitt, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Determining the local acceptance of wind energy projects in Switzerland: The importance of general attitudes and project characteristics Walter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Assessing the Influence of Wind Turbines and Land-use on Mortality Risk of Avian Species on the Llano Estacado with Emphasis on Birds of Prey Linner, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Offshore Wind Submarine Cable Spacing Guidance TÜV SÜD PMSS, Red Penguin Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Virginia Offshore Wind Technology Advancement Project on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Virginia Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
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