Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Bat and Bird Detection of the DTBat and DTBird Systems at Calandawind Turbine - Final Report Hanagasioglu, M., Aschwanden, J., Bontadina, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Preliminary Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impact of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats Diffendorfer, J., Beston, J., Merrill, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Modeling autumn migration of a rare soaring raptor identifies new movement corridors in central Appalachia Dennhardt, A., Duerr, A., Brandes, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Regulators Workshop: Lessons from Wind Baring-Gould, I. Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy
Environmental Impacts and Economics of Offshore Wind Energy Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy on Humans: Public and Workforce Safety Issues Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind
Offshore Wind Energy Development in North Carolina Stearns, B., Murphy, M., Marriott, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
Effectiveness of operational mitigation in reducing bat mortality and an assessment of bat and bird fatalities at the Sheffield Wind Facility, Vermont Martin, C. Thesis Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
A GIS modelling framework to evaluate marine spatial planning scenarios: Co-location of offshore wind farms and aquaculture in the German EEZ Gimpel, A., Stelzenmüller, V., Grote, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind Energy's Impact on Aviation, Radar, and Telecommunications Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind EMF Navigation, Human Dimensions
Overview of Issues Faced by Wind Energy Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind
Behavior of the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at Wind Turbines and its Distribution Across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu Gorresen, P., Cryan, P., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Sociological Effects of Wind Farms in Maine Barthold, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Economic Impacts and Benefits of Wind Energy Projects and Other Sources of Electric Generation Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy on Humans: Public Health Issues Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Classification of Birds and Bats Using Flight Tracks Cullinan, V., Matzner, S., Duberstein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Migration of Franklin's Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and its Variable Annual Risk from Wind Power Facilities Across the Tehuantepec Isthmus Villegas-Patraca, R., Herrera-Alsina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Humber Gateway Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Global Wind Energy Policy and Development Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
How effectively do horizontal and vertical response strategies of long-finned pilot whales reduce sound exposure from naval sonar? Wensveen, P., von Benda-Beckmann, A., Ainslie, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Other Environmental Issues of Wind Energy Development: Aesthetics, Cultural Resources, Land Use Compatibility, Water Resources, and Site Restoration Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Wind Energy Essentials: Societal, Economic, and Environmental Impacts Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Sublime technology and object of fear: offshore wind scientists assessing publics Heidenreich, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Responses of Male Greater Prairie-Chickens to Wind Energy Development Winder, V., Gregory, A., McNew, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Impact of Wind Energy on the Electric Grid Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction Ainley, D., Porzig, E., Zajanc, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Marine Noise Desk Study Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Environmental Statement Non Technical Summary Statoil Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Visual Impacts
Wildlife and Renewable Energy: German Politics Cross Migratory Bats Voigt, C., Lehnert, L., Petersons, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Cumulative Effects of Impulsive Underwater Sound on Marine Mammals Heinis, F., de Jong, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting X PNWWRM X Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Insufficient Sampling to Identify Species Affected by Turbine Collisions Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Practical Management of Cumulative Anthropogenic Impacts with Working Marine Examples Wright, A., Kyhn, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Ecosystem Processes
Ocean Zoning for Conservation, Fisheries and Marine Renewable Energy: Assessing Trade-Offs and Co-Location Opportunities Yates, K., Schoeman, D., Klein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Reprioritizing Avian Conservation Efforts DeVault, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Underpinning the precautionary principle with evidence: A spatial concept for guiding wind power development in endangered species' habitats Braunisch, V., Coppes, J., Bachle, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Upper Great Plains Wind Energy Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement: Volume 2 US Department of Energy (DOE), US Department of the Interior (DOI), Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2014/2015 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Recommendations for distances of wind turbines to important areas for birds as well as breeding sites of selected bird species Working Group of German State Bird Conservancies Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Displaying 3921 - 3960 of 6408 results