Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Using Environmental Impact Assessment and Post-Construction Monitoring Data to Inform Wind Energy Developments Zwart, M., Robson, P., Rankin, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Rights and Ownership in Sea Country: Implications of Marine Renewable Energy for Indigenous and Local Communities Kerr, S., Colton, J., Johnson, K. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Benthos distribution modelling and its relevance for marine ecosystem management Reiss, H., Birchenough, S., Borja, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Invertebrates
Bird Sensitivity Mapping for Wind Energy Developments and Associated Infrastructure in the Republic of Ireland McGuiness, S., Muldoon, C., Tierney, N. Report Wind Energy Birds
Offshore Wind Farms Development in Relation to Environmental Protected Areas Spiropoulou, I., Karamanis, D., Kehayias, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Deriving an Avoidance Rate for Swans Suitable for Onshore Wind Farm Collision Risk Modelling Whitfield, D., Urquhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 4 - October 14, 2014 Good, R., Iskali, G., Adachi, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Post Construction Fatality Surveys for the Prairie Rose Wind Energy Facility Rock County, Minnesota Chodachek, K., Adachi, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Life cycle assessment: A case study of two wind turbines used in Mexico Vargas, A., Zenón, E., Oswald, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Private Incentives for the Emergence of Co-Production of Offshore Wind Energy and Mussel Aquaculture Griffin, R., Buck, B., Krause, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A first approach to deal with cumulative effects on birds and bats of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Renewables-To-Reefs? Decommissioning Options for the Offshore Wind Power Industry Smyth, K., Christie, N., Burdon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: A First Approach to Deal with Cumulative Effects on Birds and Bats of Offshore Wind Farms and Other Human Activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Bats
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative 4th Science and All Committees Meeting: Final 2015 Workshop Proceedings Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) Workshop Article Wind Energy Bats
Renewable Energy Developments in an Uncertain World: The Case of Offshore Wind and Birds in the UK Masden, E., McCluskie, A., Owen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Lessons from Stakeholder Dialogues on Marine Aquaculture in Offshore Wind Farms: Perceived Potentials, Constraints and Research Gaps Wever, L., Krause, G., Buck, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Stakeholder Engagement, Human Dimensions
First Year Post-Construction Monitoring of Bats and Birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Birds and Wind-Energy Best-Practice Guidelines: Best-Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Monitoring the Impact of Wind Energy Facilities on Birds in Southern Africa Jenkins, A., van Rooyen, C., Smallie, J. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Guidelines for Consideration of Bats in Wind Farm Projects Revision 2014 Rodrigues, L., Bach, L., Dubourg-Savage, M. Guidance Wind Energy Bats
Biodiversity & Wind Energy: A Bird's and Bat's Perspective Mascarenhas, M., Bernardino, J., Paula, A. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M., de Magalhaes, R., Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations: Staying Afloat in Deepwaters Sunderasan, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Will Offshore Energy Face "Fair Winds and Following Seas"?: Understanding the Factors Influencing Offshore Wind Acceptance Teisl, M., McCoy, S., Marrinan, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
The European Offshore Wind Industry - Key Trends and Statistics 2014 Corbetta, G., Ho, A., Guillet, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics Ludewig, E. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Offshore Wind Farms in the Southwestern Baltic Sea: A Model Study of Regional Impacts on Oxygen Conditions Janßen, H., Schröder, T., Zettler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Auditory Recognition of Familiar and Unfamiliar Subjects with Wind Turbine Noise Maffei, L., Masullo, M., Di Gabriele, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
The New Mode of Marine Planning in the UK: Aspirations and Challenges Scarff, G., Fitzsimmons, C., Gray, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Offshore wind climatology based on synergetic use of Envisat ASAR, ASCAT and QuikSCAT Hasager, C., Mouche, A., Badger, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Wind and Wildlife: Proceedings from the Conference on Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts, October 2012, Melbourne, Australia Hull, C., Bennett, E., Stark, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy
Observations from the Use of Dogs to Undertake Carcass Searches at Wind Facilities in Australia Bennett, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The Role of Islands in the Migration of Bats Across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario: Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus and Perimyotis subflavus Thorne, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Informe Ambiental Resumen: Parque Eólico Valentines LKSur Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Environmental Impact Assessment
Wind Farms and Biodiversity: Improving Environmental Risk Assessments Boothroyd, I., Barea, L. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Incorporación de los murciélagos en la evaluación ambiental de parques eólicos y líneas de transmisión eléctrica en chile: ¿mito o realidad? Escobar, M., Vidal, N., De la Fuente, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002-2012 Hull, C., Sims, C., Stark, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Special Issue: Renewable Ocean Energy Development and the Environment Zydlewski, G., Copping, A., Redden, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Baseline Bioacoustic Characterization for Offshore Renewable Energy Development in the North Carolina and Georgia Wind Planning Areas Rice, A., Morano, J., Hodge, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Spring Flyways of Migrating Soaring Birds in Akkar, Northern Lebanon Ramadan-Jaradi, G., Ramadan-Jaradi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
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