Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Massachusetts Revised Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Life-cycle cost analysis of floating offshore wind farms Castro-Santos, L., Diaz-Casas, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Lalamilo Wind Farm Repowering Project: Draft Environmental Assessment Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Repowing Draft Program Environmental Impact Report Alameda County Community Development Agency Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Birds/bats movement tracking with IR camera for wind farm applications Wei, L., Mirzaei, G., Majid, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Survey Protocols For Large Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Minnesota Mixon, K., Schrenzel, J., Pile, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Continental‐scale, seasonal movements of a heterothermic migratory tree bat Cryan, P., Stricker, C., Wunder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Applying Research to Conservation: Science-Based Strategies Can Save Bats at Wind Farms Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
GHG emissions and energy performance of offshore wind power Raadal, H., Vold, B., Myhr, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Physical and Numerical Large-Scale Wave Basin Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction and Wave Impact Phenomena Yim, S., Azabakht, M., Challa, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow
A Comment on "Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities" Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The Key Technologies and Development of Offshore Wind Farm in China Wu, J., Wang, Z., Wang, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2011-2013 Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Effects of Man-Made Structures on Sedimentary Oxygenation: Extent, Seasonality and Implications for Offshore Renewables Wilding, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Estimating Sample Size for Landscape-Scale Mark-Recapture Studies of North American Migratory Tree Bats Schorr, R., Ellison, L., Lukacs, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Wind Farms Threaten Southern Africa's Cliff-Nesting Vultures Rushworth, I., Kruger, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
D4.17 Report on environmental monitoring protocols Magagna, D., Lauri, C., Butler, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Energy 101: Wind Power U.S. Department of Energy Video Wind Energy
Policies and Measures for Protected Species in Wind Energy: An Assessment Between the U.S. and Germany Gartman, V. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Land-Based Wind Energy and the Environment: Potential Impacts for Wildlife and the West Michigan Landscape Gajewsk, B., Schoolmaster, C., VanderMolen, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Responses of Free-Living Coastal Pelagic Fish to Impulsive Sounds Hawkins, A., Roberts, L., Cheesman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Pelagic Fish, Fish
Identifying Space for Offshore Wind Energy in the North Sea. Consequences of Scenario Calculations for Interactions with Other Marine Uses Jongbloed, R., van der Wal, J., Lindeboom, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Use of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to Assess the Potential for Long Term Impacts from Piling Noise on Marine Mammal Populations - A Case Study from the Scottish East Coast De Silva, R., Grellier, K., Lye, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Coordination and Cooperation in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the US National Ocean Policy Maier, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs Searle, K., Mobbs, D., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Understanding the Potential for Marine Megafauna Entanglement Risk from Marine Renewable Energy Developments [Presentation] Benjamins, S., Harnois, V., Smith, H. Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) Response to Wind Energy Development on Winter Range in South-Central, Wyoming Taylor, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
California Current Cetacean & Ecosystem Assessment Survey (CalCurCEAS): Final Report to Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regarding Surveys of Windfloat and Wave Energy Areas Barlow, J., Henry, A., Ballance, L. Report Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Cetaceans
Report of the Workshop on International Harmonisation of Approaches to Define Underwater Noise Exposure Criteria Lucke, K., Winter, E., Lam, F. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Using Deuterium and GARP To Estimate Geographic Extents of Source Populations of Hoary (Lasiurus cinereus) and Eastern Red (Lasiurus borealis) Bats Killed at a Central Illinois Wind Facility Van Essen, R. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Applying Value Sensitive Design (VSD) to Wind Turbines and Wind Parks: An Exploration Oosterlaken, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Regulatory Framework and Guidelines US Department of the Interior Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Energy, emissions and environmental impact analysis of wind turbine using life cycle assessment technique Uddin, M., Kumar, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Design and Initial Component Tests of an Integrated Avian and Bat Collision Detection System for Offshore Wind Turbines Flowers, J., Albertani, R., Harrison, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Report on the Implications for European Sites Proposed Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Seasonal Bat Activity in Relation to Distance to Hedgerows in an Agricultural Landscape in Central Europe and Implications for Wind Energy Development Kelm, D., Lenski, J., Kelm, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
A Modelling Approach to Infer the Effects of Wind Farms on Landscape Connectivity for Bats Roscioni, F., Rebelo, H., Russo, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Displaying 4201 - 4240 of 6408 results