Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The legislative regime for environment assessment and approval of offshore wind energy developments in England and Wales Wawryk, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewables: Linking Concepts for Implementation. A Case Study from Scotland MacDonald, A. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A call for a blue degrowth: Unravelling the European Union's fisheries and maritime policies Hadjimichael, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Precipitation reduction during Hurricane Harvey with simulated offshore wind farms Pan, Y., Yan, C., Archer, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
A Summary of Bat Fatality Data in a Nationwide Database Allison, T., Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats
Texturizing Wind Turbine Towers to Reduce Bat Mortality Bennett, V., Hendrix, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Benthic biodiversity on old platforms, young wind farms, and rocky reefs Coolen, J., van der Weide, B., Cuperus, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes Mehdi, R., Schröder-Hinrichs, J., van Overloop, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Navigation
Numerical study of multi-scale flow-sediment-structure interactions using a multiphase approach Nagel, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Estimating the Likelihood of Bat Barotrauma using Computational Simulations and Analytical Calculations Lawson, M., Jenne, D., Thresher, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Evaluating anthropogenic landscape alterations as wildlife hazards, with wind farms as an example Law, P., Fuller, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Mapping the Wind Energy Potential of Sweden: A Sociotechnical Wind Atlas Enevoldsen, P., Permien, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The social dynamics of turbine tourism and recreation: Introducing a mixed-method approach to the study of the first U.S. offshore wind farm Smith, H., Smythe, T., Moore, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Environmental benefits of leaving offshore infrastructure in the ocean Fowler, A., Jørgensen, A., Svendsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Nobelwind Offshore Energy: Annual Work Report 2017 Nobelwind Offshore Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Zooplankton Community Responses and the Relation to Environmental Factors from Established Offshore Wind Farms within the Rudong Coastal Area of China Wang, T., Yu, W., Zou, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Water Quality, Physical Environment, Ecosystem Processes
Anthropogenic disturbance facilitates a non-native species on offshore oil platforms Viola, S., Page, H., Zaleski, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M., Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H., Rytkönen, S., Karlin, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Fragmented authorities, institutional misalignments, and challenges to renewable energy transition: A case study of wind power curtailment in China Cai, Y., Aoyama, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
The influence of regulatory framework on environmental impact assessment in the development of offshore wind farms in Spain: Issues, challenges and solutions Salvador, S., Gimeno, L., Larruga, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies Morandi, A., Berkman, S., Rowe, J. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Imbalances in interaction for transboundary marine spatial planning: Insights from the Baltic Sea Region Janßen, H., Varjopuro, R., Luttmann, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goddard, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Winter 2017–2018 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Positive energies? An empirical study of community energy participation and attitudes to renewable energy Bauwens, T., Devine-Wright, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Stakeholder Engagement, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Non-Conventional Energy Sources: A Geo-Spatial Study of Site, Situation, Production and Economy of Wind Farms in Satara District Sule, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Improving estimation of flight altitude in wildlife telemetry studies Poessel, S., Duerr, A., Hall, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512 Equinor Quarterly Report: February 2018 to April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Guidance for Commercial Wind Energy Projects Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Natural variability of turbulence and stratification in a tidal shelf sea and the possible impact of offshore wind farms Schultze, V. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010 Ryon, T., Brenda, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Ultrasonic Bat Deterrent Technology Kinzie, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Do Black-naped Hares Lepus nigricollis (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae) have synanthropic association with wind farms? Anoop, V., Arun, P., Jaypal, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
AMBEMAR-DSS: A decision support system for the environmental impact assessment of marine renewable energies Guinda, X., Puente, A., Juanes, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy
Development of a conceptual model towards an innovative solution for marine energy decision-making Lange, M. Thesis Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
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