Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
State of Maine Offshore Wind Energy Research Array: Application for an Outer Continental Shelf Renewable Energy Research Lease State of Maine Report Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm Josimović, B., Cvjetić, A., Manić, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction Sella, I., Hadary, T., Rella, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A Nature-Inclusive Design for shoreline and offshore construction Sella, I., Hadary, T., Rella, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Three-dimensional analysis of bat flight paths around small wind turbines suggests no major collision risk or behavioral changes Hochradel, K., Hartmann, S., Reers, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Bats
Comments on Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Offshore Morro Bay, California, East and West Extensions Flick, P., Hislop, K., Humphries, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles
American Bird Conservancy Comments on the Morro Bay Offshore Wind Call for Information American Bird Conservancy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions
Masking release at 4 kHz in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) associated with sinusoidal amplitude-modulated masking noise Kastelein, R., Helder-Hoek, L., Covi, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Life Cycle Assessment of a Barge-Type Floating Wind Turbine and Comparison with Other Types of Wind Turbines Yildiz, N., Hemida, H., Baniotopoulos, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Electricity production and comparative analysis for wind availability power potential assessment at four sites in Egypt Ibrahim, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Identifying Ecological Metrics and Sampling Strategies for Baseline Monitoring During Offshore Wind Development Brodie, J., Kohut, J., Zemeckis, D. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
What is the value of innovative offshore renewable energy deployment to the UK economy? Cochrane, C., Pennock, S., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Adopting a Wider Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries Management Hawkins, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2021 Update) American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm Kämmerle, J., Taubmann, J., Andrén, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Resident breeding bird responses to wind turbines: A functional and phylogenetic perspective Ding, Z., Liang, J., Cai, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): May II 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Ecological Baseline Studies of the US Outer Continental Shelf Willmot, J., Forcey, G., Vukovich, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Comprehensive comparison of multiple renewable power generation methods: A combination analysis of life cycle assessment and ecological footprint Gao, C., Zhu, S., An, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
A practical wind farm siting framework integrating ecosystem services — A case study of coastal China Xing, L., Wang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R., Jackson, C., Middel, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Are the impacts of wind energy reversible? Critically reviewing the research literature, the governance challenges and presenting an agenda for social science Windemer, R., Cowell, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm: Post-Construction Turbine Foundation Marine Ecology Survey Report (Year One) Cordingley, A., Hubble, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation Nguyen, P., Hansen, K., Catcheside, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
Integration of sustainability, stakeholder and process approaches for sustainable offshore wind farm decommissioning Spielmann, V., Brey, T., Dannheim, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ MR10 ANNÉE N+1 MAZIERE, H., Le Guen, M., LABORIE, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Carbon footprint and carbon emission intensity of grassland wind farms in Inner Mongolia Liu, P., Liu, L., Xu, X. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
European Scalable Offshore Renewable Energy Source (EU-SCORES) Francisco Correia da Fonseca Research Study Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Energy Development and Production in the Great Plains: Implications and Mitigation Opportunities Ott, J., Hanberry, B., Khalil, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Annoyance of residents induced by wind turbine obstruction lights: A cross-country comparison of impact factors Pohl, J., Rudolph, D., Lyhne, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Lighting Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Document cadre de la MR9 Réduire les dérangements de la halte migratoire du Puffin des Baléares Sadoul, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Socio-economic impact of a 200 MW floating wind farm in Gran Canaria Schallenberg-Rodriguez, J., Inchausti-Sintes, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E., Cook, A., McCluskie, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): May I 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Wind turbine blade wastes and the environmental impacts in Canada Heng, H., Meng, F., McKechnie, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
User Reporting and AHP to Investigate the Perception and Social Acceptance of Wind Energy Sangiorgio, V., Vargas, L., Fatiguso, F. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Review of Mesoscale Wind-Farm Parametrizations and Their Applications Fischereit, J., Brown, R., Larsén, X. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Analysis of Underwater Noise Characteristics of Yangjiang Offshore Wind Farm During Construction Liang, Y., Ou, Z., Zhong, W. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Accelerating ocean-based renewable energy educational opportunities to achieve a clean energy future Constant, C., Kotarbinski, M., Stefek, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G., Tamis, J., Volwater, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Displaying 1481 - 1520 of 6408 results