Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Species distribution models and wind farm developments Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Evaluating the Statistical Power of Detecting Changes in the Abundance of Seabirds at Sea Maclean, I., Rehfisch, M., Skov, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Bird migration monitoring in the Kaliakra region in autumn 2013, and analysis of potential impact after four years of operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Characterising the Impacts of Emerging Energy Development on Wildlife, with an Eye Towards Mitigation Northrup, J., Wittemyer, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Review of Recent Literature Relevant to the Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Devices 2013 Kropp, R. Report Marine Energy Fish, Demersal Fish, Birds
Flight Paths of Migrating Golden Eagles and the Risk Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Rocky Mountains Johnson, N., Bradley, J., Pomeroy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Bird and Bat Responses to Wind Energy Development in Iowa Gillespie, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2012: Annual Report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting IX PNWWRM IX Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region Loesch, C., Walker, J., Reynolds, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Waterfowl, Birds
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay Monfils, M., Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Multibeam Imaging of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices Williamson, B., Blondel, P. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Fish, Birds
Assessment of bat and avian mortality at a pilot wind turbine at Coega, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa Doty, A., Martin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Ireland Mee, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Population Dynamics and Movements of Translocated and Resident Greater Sage-Grouse on Anthro Mountain, Utah Gruber, N. Thesis Birds
Guidelines for a Sustainable Exploitation of Offshore Renewable Energy - Account on Seabird Species Cruz, E., Simas, T. Report Marine Energy Birds
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Bulgaria Spasov, S., Arkumarev, V., Dobrev, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Rampion Offshore Wind: Environmental Statement E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Evaluation of the DTBird Video-System at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant: Detection Capabilities for Capturing Near-Turbine Avian Behaviour May, R., Hamre, Ø., Vang, R. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H., Leonhard, S., Heinänen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Summary of Environment Impact of Renewable Energy Resources Zhu, J., Cheung, K. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Fish
A Preliminary Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Croatia Mazal, V., Mikulic, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government, UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Mohave County Wind Farm Eagle Conservation Plan and Bird Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
A Preliminary Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Sweden Hellstrom, P., Helander, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Seabird Foraging Ranges as a Preliminary Tool for Identifying Candidate Marine Protected Areas Thaxter, C., Lascelles, B., Sugar, K. Journal Article Birds
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J., Allison Costello, E., Gordon, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
A retrospective tiered Environmental Assessment of the Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility, West Virginia, USA Efroymson, R., Day, R., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Experimental Chronic Noise Is Related to Elevated Fecal Corticosteroid Metabolites in Lekking Male Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Blickley, J., Word, K., Krakauer, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Effects of Beipiao Wind Power Development Planning on Local Birds Ecosystem Wang, L., Jinghai, Z., Zhongqiang, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Using Wind Tunnels to Predict Bird Mortality in Wind Farms: The Case of Griffon Vultures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Janss, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Avian Detection and Classification Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R., Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Argyll Array Offshore Windfarm Report to Inform a Shadow Appropriate Assessment - Great Northern Diver Potential SPAs NIRAS Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review Rees, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Bird-Community Shifts in Relation to Wind Farms: A Case Study Comparing a Wind Farm, Croplands, and Secondary Forests in Southern Mexico Villegas-Patraca, R., Macgregor-Fors, I., Ortiz-Martinez, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Displaying 1601 - 1640 of 2478 results