Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Game bird carcasses are less persistent than raptor carcasses, but can predict raptor persistence dynamics Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China Gao, H., Xiang, Z., He, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Enabling Indigenous innovations to re-centre social licence to operate in the Blue Economy Lyons, P., Mynott, S., Melbourne-Thomas, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels Lemos, C., Hernandez, M., Vilardo, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Conservation plan for golden eagles in eastern North America Katzner, T., Miller, T., Dennhardt, A. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Indian offshore wind energy policy: A comparative analysis of schemes adopted by UK, Germany, and China Shambhu, S., Anil, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Ocean Energy Martinez, M., Chavez, V., De la Cruz, V. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Access to Offshore Windfarm Sites for Research: Best Practice Guidelines Howell Marine Consulting Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2023 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Demonstrating an Effective Marine Biodiversity Observation Network in the Santa Barbara Channel Miller, R., Siegel, D., Carlson, C. Report Wind Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bird carcass detection from integrated trials at multiple wind farms Kitano, M., Smallwood, K. Shawn, Fukaya, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Does intermittency management improve public acceptance of wind energy? A discrete choice experiment in Ireland Brennan, N., Van Rensburg, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
SAINT-NAZAIRE Bilan environnemental annuel 2022 Parc eolien en mer de St Nazaire Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Revolution Wind COP Appendix M: MARA Non-Technical Summary SEARCH, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Marine Renewable Energy: Policy, People, and Prospects Wickizer, B., Brandt, D., Robertson, B. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
SeaShare: Hywind Static Fishing Gear Trials Wright, K., Mair, J., Watret, R. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Community Acceptance of Blue Energy: Understanding Future Research Trajectories for Understanding "Place-Technology-Fit" Perceptions Axon, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Conceptualizing the patterns of land use conflicts in wind energy development: Towards a typology and implications for practice Frantal, B., Frolova, M., Liñán-Chacón, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
California State Waters Map Series—Benthic Habitat Characterization in the Region Offshore of Morro Bay, California Cochrane, G., Kvitek, R., Cole, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Improving the value of wind energy through geographic diversity of wind farms Pawlenchuk, T. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Green development strategy of offshore wind farm in China guided by life cycle assessment Chen, J., Mao, B., Wu, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Marine Mammals A Deep Dive into the World of Science Brennecke, D., Knickmeier, K., Pawliczka, I. Book Marine Energy, Wind Energy Marine Mammals
Underwater noise reduction of offshore wind turbine using compact circular liner Zhou, T., Guo, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Heat from Buried Transmission Cables Middleton, P., Barnhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Braunisch, V., Arlettaz, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa Docrat, N. Thesis Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Wind Energy End-of-Service Guide Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Oteri, F., Tinnesand, H. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Onshore wind farms do not affect global wind speeds or patterns Li, G., Yan, C., Wu, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow
The Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Coastal Tourists’ Behaviors in South Korea Oh, C., Nam, J., Kim, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Wind energy expansion and birds: Identifying priority areas for impact avoidance at a national level Balotari-Chiebao, F., Santangeli, A., Piirainen, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B., Henschenmacher, B., Kattnig, D. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
PAKISTAN’S BLUE ECONOMY POTENTIAL, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS Hussain, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Probabilistic Assessment and Comparison of Scour Protections at Horns Rev 3 and Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farms Chambel, J., Fazeres-Ferradosa, T., Figueiredo, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
A new strategic framework to structure Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) Declerck, M., Trifonova, N., Black, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Sunrise Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Impacts generated by the materials used in offshore wind technology on Human Health, Natural Environment and Resources Rueda-Bayona, J., Eras, J., Chaparro, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Grand Challenges: wind energy research needs for a global energy transition Veers, P., Dykes, K., Basu, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Data Management & Storage Best Practices for Long-term and Archival Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) Data RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
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