Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Effect of a Giant Wind Farm on Precipitation in a Regional Climate Model Fiedler, B., Bukovsky, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Investigation on Design for a 500 W Wind Turbine Composite Blade Considering Impact Damage Kong, C., Choi, S., Park, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2010/2011 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Risk Evaluation for Federally Listed (Roseate Tern, Piping Plover) or Candidate (Red Knot) Bird Species in Offshore Waters: A First Step for Managing the Potential Impacts of Wind Facility Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Burger, J., Gordon, C., Lawrence, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Birds
Effect of the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm on Fish Communities: Follow-up Seven Years after Construction Leonhard, S., Stenberg, C., Støttrup, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Post construction monitoring of wind farms: First records of direct impact on bats in Italy Ferri, V., Locasciulli, O., Soccini, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Environmental Impact and Control Measures of New Wind Power Projects Zheng, L., Zheng, L., Wei, L. Journal Article Wind Energy
A Sustainability Index for Offshore Wind Farms and Open Water Aquaculture Benassai, G., Stenberg, C., Christoffersen, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Wind Farms: Foundations and Influence on the Littoral Processes Esteban, M., López-Gutiérrez, J., Diez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Meeting Europe's Renewable Energy Targets in Harmony with Nature BirdLife Europe Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds
Offshore Wind Farms - Ecological Effects of Noise and Habitat Alteration on Fish Andersson, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish
Annoyance caused by amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise Lee, S., Kim, K., Choi, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
National Register of Historic Places Database National Park Service Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Renewable Energy and the Public: from NIMBY to Participation Devine-Wright, P. Book Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Fencing in the bay? Place attachment, social representations of energy technologies and the protection of restorative environments Devine-Wright, P. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Intervisibility Analysis of an Offshore Wind Farm Using GIS Tools Errico, A., Guastaferro, F., Oliviero, C. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Patterns of Acoustical Activity of Bats Prior to and Following White-Nose Syndrome Occurrence Ford, W., Britzke, E., Dobony, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Examples of State and International Guidance for Duration and Intensity of Pre-Construction and Post-Construction Monitoring US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind energy developments and Natura 2000 European Union Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (BirdWind) Report on Findings 2007-2010 Bevanger, K., Berntsen, F., Clausen, S. Report Wind Energy Shorebirds, Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? Brown, V., Simmonds, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm Garvin, J., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Summary of Post-Construction Monitoring at Wind Projects Relevant to Minnesota, Identification of Data Gaps, and Recommendations for Further Research Regarding Wind-Energy Development in Minnesota Poulton, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Mortality of Bats at Wind Turbines Links to Nocturnal Insect Migration? Rydell, J., Bach, L., Dubourg-Savage, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Night Migrant Fatalities And Obstruction Lighting At Wind Turbines In North America Kerlinger, P., Gehring, J., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Lighting, Collision Birds
Pre-Wind Energy Development Assessment of the Avian Community in the Central Texas Panhandle Wulf, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
The Dark Side of Light: A Transdisciplinary Research Agenda for Light Pollution Policy Hölker, F., Moss, T., Griefhan, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Lighting
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles: Modelling Collision Risk Using Vantage Point Observations in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Hoel, P., Langston, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Patterns of Bird and Bat Fatality at the Locust Ridge II Wind Farm, Pennsylvania Arnett, E., Schirmacher, M., Hein, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J., Calvo, J., Zuberogoita, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Samlet belastning av vindkraftutbygging på fugl: standardvilkår for for- og etterundersøkelser May, R., Dahl, E., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment
Public Engagement with Large-Scale Renewable Energy Technologies: Breaking the Cycle of NIMBYism Devine-Wright, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Human Dimensions
Use of High Resolution Sonar for Near-Turbine Fish Observations (DIDSON) - WeSea 2007-002 Couperus, B., Winter, E., van Keeken, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish
Environmental management framework for wind farm siting: Methodology and case study Tegou, L., Polatidis, H., Haralambpoulos, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Wave Hub Wave Hub Ltd Project Site Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy
Early Development of the Subtidal Marine Biofouling on a Concrete Offshore Windmill Foundation on the Thornton Bank (Southern North Sea): First Monitoring Results Kerckhof, F., Rumes, B., Jacques, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Marine spatial planning: Lessons learned from the Portuguese debate Calado, H., Ng, K., Johnson, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise on Wildlife: Research Priorities for the Development of Standards and Mitigation Blickley, J., Patricelli, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
The Nature Of Scour Development And Scour Protection At Offshore Windfarm Foundations Whitehouse, R., Harris, J., Sutherland, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm: Diver Surveys 2009-10 Percival, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Displaying 5201 - 5240 of 6408 results