Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Measuring the Effectiveness of Conservation: A Novel Framework to Quantify the Benefits of Sage-Grouse Conservation Policy and Easements in Wyoming Copeland, H., Pocewicz, A., Naugle, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Arnett, E., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
An Analysis of Displacement from Wind Turbines in a Wintering Grassland Bird Community Stevens, T., Hale, A., Karsten, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Estimation of Bird and Bat Mortality at Wind-Power Farms with Superpopulation Models Peron, G., Hines, J., Nichols, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Marine Renewable Energies: Perspectives and Implications for Marine Ecosystems Azzellino, A., Conley, D., Vicinanza, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Model for Underwater Noise Radiated by Submerged Wind Turbine Towers Hay, T., Ilinskii, Y., Zabolotskaya, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Predicting Underwater Radiated Noise Levels due to the First Offshore Wind Turbine Installation in the U.S. Kim, H., Miller, J., Potty, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Diversity of Demersal and Megafaunal Assemblages Inhabiting Sandbanks of the Irish Sea Atalah, J., Fitch, J., Coughlan, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish
Cumulative Impacts Assessment Guidelines: Guiding Principles for Cumulative Impacts Assessment in Offshore Wind Farms RenewableUK Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Assessing acceptability of two onshore wind power development schemes: A tests of the cumulative effects of wind turbines Ladenburg, J., Termansen, M., Hasler, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Marine Renewables, Biodiversity and Fisheries Attrill, M., Godley, B., Thompson, R. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A Semi Analytical Model for the Prediction of Underwater Noise from Offshore Pile Driving Tsouvalas, A., Metrikine, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Evaluating Acoustic Technologies to Monitor Aquatic Organisms at Renewable Energy Sites: Final Report Horne, J., Jacques, D., Parker-Stetter, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Is Male-Biased Collision Mortality of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Florida Associated with Flock Behavior Folk, M., Dellinger, T., Leone, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Survey of Bat Mortalities at a Wind-Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities - Final Report Pelletier, S., Omland, K., Watrous, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
Potential Scour for Marine Current Turbines Based on Experience of Offshore Wind Turbine Chen, L., Lam, W., Shamsuddin, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Site selection of offshore wind farms around the Korean Peninsula through economic evaluation Kim, J.Y., Oh, K.Y., Kang, K.S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Modelling the Spatial Concentrations of Bird Migration to Assess Conflicts with Wind Turbines Liechti, F., Guélat, J., Komenda-Zehnder, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
EIA for Wind Farms in the United Kingdom and Germany Phylip-Jones, J., Fischer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Wind Power Development on the Population Biology of Greater Prairie-Chickens Sandercock, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Wind Farm Potential is Higher in Prime Habitat for Uncommon Soil Crust Lichens Root, H., McCune, M., McCune, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Potential Distribution of the Red Kite in Germany Heuck, C., Brandl, R., Albrecht, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Advances in Sex Determination in Bats and its Utility in Wind-Wildlife Studies Korstian, J., Hale, A., Bennett, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Stressor Analysis Approaches for Endangered Species Assessments Salatas, J., Gard, N., Wickwire, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
The Wheel in the Sky Keeps on Turnin': The Migratory Bird Treaty Act and its Impact on Wind Development Ballard, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Life cycle assessment of an onshore wind farm located at the northeastern coast of Brazil Oebels, K., Pacca, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Effects of Wind Power Development on the Population Biology of Greater Prairie-Chickens in Kansas National Wind Coordinating Collaborative, American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Bats, Bugs, and Wind Turbines - Is There a Connection? Cochran, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Bats
Public Deliberation and the Geographies of Wind Justice Phadke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Crop Wind Energy Experiment (CWEX): Observations of Surface-Layer, Boundary Layer, and Mesoscale Interactions with a Wind Farm Rajewski, D., Takle, E., Lundquist, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Annual environmental report 2012 - Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Navigation
Trade-offs between seascape and offshore wind farming values: An analysis of local opinions based on a cognitive belief framework Gee, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Research Brief: Effects of Wind Power Development on the Population Biology of Greater Prairie-Chickens in Kansas National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Thresholds for Bats Killed by Wind Turbines Arnett, E., Barclay, R., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Rhode Island and Massachusetts Revised Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Benthic Monitoring Programme Annual Report and Technical Appendix-Benthic Survey Results Precision Marine Survey Ltd Report Wind Energy Physical Environment
Analysis of Factors that Influence Development of Wind Power in Atlantic Canada: Application of Discrete Regression Modelling Chen, Q. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Mohave County Wind Farm Project US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Quantification of Bird Migration Using Doppler Weather Surveillance Radars (NEXRAD) Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
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