Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Building Capacity for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy: Atlas of Potential Synergistic and Conflicting Environmental, Ecological, and Human Use Considerations Dubbs, L., Voss, C., Von Korff, B. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Visual Fields, Foraging and Collision Vulnerability in Gyps Vultures Martin, G., Portugal, S., Murn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Determination of Raptor Migratory Patterns Over a Large Landscape Seeland, H., Niemi, G., Regal, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The trouble with turbines: An ill wind Subramanian, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Final Report on the Acoustic, Marine Mammal and Bird Monitoring Studies During Phase 1 Pile Driving Activities ORPC Maine Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Effects on birds of Offshore Wind farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ): An overview and integration of insights obtained Hartman, J., Krijgsveld, K., Poot, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Buckeye Wind Power Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Amendment to the On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post- Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio Ohio Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Nesting Success of Scissor-Tailed Flycatchers (Tyrannus forficatus) at a Wind Farm in Northern Texas Rubenstahl, T., Hale, A., Karsten, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
First Specific Biodiversity Assessment in the Portuguese Pilot Zone for Marine Renewables Coelho, H., Rodrigues, S., Ferriera, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Onkelinx, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Cumulative Effects of Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea on Bird Populations Poot, M., van Horssen, P., Collier, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Bird and bat mortality at Portuguese wind farms Bernardino, J., Zina, H., Passos, I. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise on Abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at Leks Blickley, J., Blackwood, D., Patricelli, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Avian detection & tracking algorithm using infrared imaging Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Assessing the Impact of Marine Wind Farms on Birds through Movement Modelling Masden, E., Reeve, R., Desholm, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A., Johnson, A., Wright, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Eagles and Wind Energy: Identifying Research Priorities Allison, T. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Development of a Cost Minimizing Strategy to Mitigate Bird Mortalities in a Wind Farm Singh, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Effects of Displacement from Marine Renewable Development on Seabirds Breeding at SPAs: A Proof of Concept Model of Common Guillemots Breeding on the Isle of May McDonald, C., Searle, K., Wanless, S. Report Marine Energy Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Modelling the abundance and area use of wintering Red-throated Divers in the Outer Thames Estuary Skov, H., Heinänen, S., Lohier, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A., Miller, T., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
An Estimate of Avian Mortality at Communication Towers in the United States and Canada Longcore, T., Rich, C., Mineau, P. Journal Article Collision Birds
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm – Phase III - Year 1 Avian and Bat Monitoring Report Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M. Report Collision Bats, Birds
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Lout, M., Courage, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Evaluation of Greater Sage-Grouse Reproductive Habitat and Response to Wind Energy Development in South-Central, Wyoming LeBeau, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Marine bird colony and at-sea distributions along the Oregon coast: Implications for marine spatial planning and information gap analysis Suryan, R., Phillips, E., So, K. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Marine Bird Distribution Along the Oregon Coast Suryan, R., Phillips, E., So, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Seabirds, Birds
Research Priorities for Wind Energy and Migratory Wildlife Piorkowski, M., Farnsworth, A., Fry, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
A Biogeographic Assessment of Seabirds, Deep Sea Corals and Ocean Habitats of the New York Bight: Science to Support Offshore Spatial Planning Menza, C., Kinlan, B., Dorfman, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates
Pilot Marine Spatial Plan for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Turnbull, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat Use and Population Demographics at the Simpson Ridge Wind Resource Area, Carbon County, Wyoming Johnson, G., LeBeau, C., Nielsen, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D., Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Greater impacts of wind farms on bird populations during construction than subsequent operation: results of a multi-site and multi-species analysis Pearce-Higgins, J., Stephen, L., Douse, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Rampion OWF Round 3 Zone 6: Migratory Bird Report Shreeve, A., Graeme, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Winter Marine Bird Surveys Mills, G. Report Birds
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality Mensing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Displaying 1681 - 1720 of 2478 results