United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2250
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Finfish Diversity and Distribution in a Boreal, Macrotidal Bay Vieser, J., Zydlewski, G., McCleave, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Fish
Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Surveys Fact Sheet Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Spring 2018 Taxonomic Analysis Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Seeing clearly in a virtual reality: Tourist reactions to an offshore wind project Teisl, M., Noblet, C., Corey, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions
Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Gorresen, P., Brinck, K., DeLisle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The auditory attributes of Golden Eagles: Do Golden (Aquila chrysaetos) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) share the same auditory space? Walsh, E., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Characteristics of the soundscape before and after the construction of the Block Island Wind Farm Tripathy, A., Miller, J., Potty, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Documenting fish response to seismic surveying and establishing a baseline soundscape for reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina Paxton, A., Voss, C., Peterson, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
2018 SAP Benthic Survey Report (Empire Wind) Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey Inc., Gardline Ltd. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Humpback Whale Encounter with Offshore Wind Mooring Lines and Inter-Array Cables Copping, A., Grear, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Spring 2018 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality Goller, B., Blackwell, B., DeVault, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting Birds
Data Transferability and Collection Consistency in Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Gorton, A., Freeman, M. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions
Research and Data Needs Pacific Fishery Management Council Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm Wilber, D., Carey, D., Griffin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish
Understanding Marine Mammal Presence in the Virginia Offshore Wind Energy Area Salisbury, D., Estabrook, B., Klinck, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Evaluating habitat, prey, and mesopredator associations in a community of marine birds Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Veit, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Appendix M-1 Biological Assessment for Project Icebreaker EDR, D.P.C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Disturbance affects biotic community composition at desert wind farms Keehne, J., Feldman, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Maritime Renewable Energy Markets: Power From the Sea Copping, A., LiVecchi, A., Spence, H. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions
Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast Wisman, J., Maxwell, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Opposition "overblown"? Community response to wind energy siting in the Western United States Giordono, L., Boudet, H., Karmazina, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Final Environmental Assessment LEEDCo Project Icebreaker Lake Erie, City of Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio Parker, R., Kerwin, K., Kozlowski, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance Garrod, A., Fandel, A., Wingfield, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Metocean Characterization Recommended Practices for U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Nonlocal Inadvertent Weather Modification Associated with Wind Farms in the Central United States Lauridsen, M., Ancell, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Wind Energy and Wildlife: 20 Years of Translational Ecology in Action Allison, T., Arnold, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats
Lessons learned in marine governance: Case studies of marine spatial planning practice in the U.S. Smythe, T., McCann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Oceanographic and biological influences on recruitment of benthic invertebrates to hard substrata on the Oregon shelf Meyer, K., Li, Y., Young, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable Wyman, M., Klimley, A., Battleson, R. Journal Article EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Addendum to Verdant Power RITE Draft License Application Verdant Power Report Marine Energy, Tidal
The impact of wave energy converter arrays on wave-induced forcing in the surf zone O'Dea, A., Haller, M., Ozkan-Haller, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Summer 2018 Digital Survey #9 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Performance and resilience of hydrokinetic turbine arrays under large migrating fluvial bedforms Musa, M., Hill, C., Sotiropoulos, F. Journal Article Riverine, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
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