Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Greater Sage-Grouse: Overview and Effects of Wind Energy Development National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
CEDREN Final Report Centre for Environmental Design of Renewable Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Fish
Testing for errors in estimating bird mortality rates at wind farms and power lines Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Fa, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) for Shobak 45 mW Wind Power Project in Ma'an El-Moghrabi, L., Masri, I. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Turbine Induced Bird and Bat Fatalities at Wind Projects: Statistical Methods for Mortality Estimation Using Road and Pad Carcass Surveys Maurer, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Conservation Guidance for Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) Henning, B., Hinz Jr., L., Kath, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The climate and air-quality benefits of wind and solar power in the United States Millstein, D., Wiser, R., Bolinger, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Nest site selection and nest survival of Greater Prairie-Chickens near a wind energy facility Harrison, J., Powell, L., Brown, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Life Cycle Energy and Carbon Footprint of Offshore Wind Energy: Comparison With Onshore Counterpart Kaldellis, J., Apostolou, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
A Framework for Regulating Underwater Noise During Pile Driving Andersson, M., Andersson, S., Ahlsén, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea Floeter, J., van Beusekom, J., Auch, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Fish, Pelagic Fish
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Winter 2017 Taxonomic Analysis Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Bat Diversity, Activity, and Habitat Use in a Mixed Disturbance Landscape Hollen, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
A turbine is not only a turbine: The role of social context and fairness characteristics for the local acceptance of wind power Liebe, U., Bartczak, A., Meyerhoff, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Tourist Viewshed Externalities and Wind Energy Production Fooks, J., Messer, K., Duke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts
Grassland bird community and acoustic complexity appear unaffected by proximity to a wind energy facility in the Nebraska Sandhills Raynor, E., Whalen, C., Brown, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Critical challenges and capacity building needs for renewable energy deployment in Pacific Small Island Developing States (Pacific SIDS) Lucas, H., Talab, I., Marschel, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Human Dimensions
15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? da Costa, G., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Bird Impact Analysis of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade Tejas, K., Prashanth, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Intense short-wavelength light triggers avoidance response by Red-tailed Hawks: A new tool for raptor diversion? Foss, C., Ronning, D., Merker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Raptors, Birds
Performance Test and Verification of an Off the Shelf Automated Avian Radar Tracking System May, R., Steinheim, Y., Kvaløy, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Winter 2017 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm Agha, M., Smith, A., Lovich, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
Automatic Detection of Humpback Whales and Localization of Sperm Whales during Marine Seismic Survey L'Her, C., Vallez, S., Gouriou, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Stable isotope investigation of the migratory behavior of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in eastern North America Fraser, E., Brooks, D., Longstaffe, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats
Match Between Soaring Modes of Black Kites and the Fine-Scale Distribution of Updrafts Santos, C., Hanssen, F., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Revisiting Approaches to Marine Spatial Planning: Perspectives on and Implications for the United States Bates, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Stereo-Optic High Definition Imaging: A New Technology to Understand Bird and Bat Avoidance of Wind Turbines Adams, E., Burns, S., Dorr, C. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Remotely sensed wind speed predicts soaring behaviour in a wide-ranging pelagic seabird Gibb, R., Shoji, A., Fayet, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Bat Detection and Shutdown System for Utility-Scale Wind Turbines Sutter, C., Schumacher, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Detecting Wind Farm Impacts on Local Vegetation Growth in Texas and Illinois Using MODIS Vegetation Greenness Measurements Xia, G., Zhou, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
The Muillean Gaoithe and the Melin Wynt: Cultural sustainability and community owned wind energy schemes in Gaelic and Welsh speaking communities in the United Kingdom Haf, S., Parkhill, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Informe Ambiental Resumen: Parque Eólico Florida CSI Ingenieros Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Environmental Impact Assessment
Energy, Economic and Environmental Impact of Wind Power in Malaysia Faizal, M., Chelvan, R., Amirah, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Interpreting failure to reject the null hypothesis of displacement from wind turbines in three species of grassland birds: Response to Johnson (2016) Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Passerines, Birds
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement Dirksen, S., Coppack, T., Searle, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Evaluating Benefits of Offshore Wind Energy Projects in NEPA AECOM Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Procedural justice in Canadian wind energy development: A comparison of community-based and technocratic siting processes Walker, C., Baxter, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Testing the Performances of Automated Identification of Bat Echolocation Calls: A Request for Prudence Rydell, J., Nyman, S., Eklöf, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats
Responses of bats to clear fell harvesting in Sitka Spruce plantations, and implications for wind turbine installation Kirkpatrick, L., Oldfield, I., Park, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
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