15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go?

Over the last 15 years, more than 900 wind turbines were built within Portuguese wolf range. Due to the endangered status of this large carnivore in Portugal, several monitoring plans were conducted, resulting in a reasonable amount of information on the effects of wind farms on wolves. We reviewed methodological approaches, compiled major findings and summarized mitigation/compensation measures used in Portuguese wind farms.