Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Do birds in flight respond to (ultra)violet lighting? May, R., Åström, J., Hamre, Ø. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Analysis of Multibeam Echo Sounder and Benthic Survey Data INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy Physical Environment
Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy First Annual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration? Homoya, W., Moore, J., Ruhl, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Shorebirds, Birds
When tourists meet transmission lines: The effects of electric transmission lines on tourism in Iceland Stefánsson, P., Sæþórsdóttir, A., Hall, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Visual Impacts, Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions
Composition and activity of arthropodivorous bat community in wind farms in the Mexican Tropics Garcia-Luis, M., Briones-Salas, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor Peron, G., Fleming, C., Duriez, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds
How Green is 'Green' Energy? Gibson, L., Wilman, E., Laurance, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Riverine, Marine Energy Physical Environment
Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Minimum Noise Wind Turbine Al-Hamidi, H., Asfar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
2016-2017 Status Assessment and Update on the Wind Vision Roadmap DeMeo, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Ecosystem Approach of Marine Renewable Energy: Study of the Effects on the Food Web of the Construction of the Wind Farm off Courseulles-sur-Mer and the Cumulative Impact Raoux, A. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions
SafeWind Chiro - Evaluation of the activity of chiroptera near wind turbines by video detection Roche, H., Valles, F., Goutorbe, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Spatial and temporal occurrence of bats in the southern North Sea area Lagerveld, S., Gerla, D., van der Wal, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
Life Cycle Assessment of a multi-use offshore platform: Combining wind and wave energy production Elginoz, N., Bas, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore wind farm in marine spatial planning and the stakeholders engagement: Opportunities and challenges for Taiwan Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Chang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Stakeholder Engagement, Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
The sustainable worldwide offshore wind energy potential: A systematic review Keivanpour, S., Ramudhin, A., Kadi, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Assessing cumulative human activities, pressures, and impacts on North Sea benthic habitats using a biological traits approach Kenny, A., Jenkins, C., Wood, D. Journal Article Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Bats probe the aerosphere during landscape-guided altitudinal flights Voigt, C., Roeleke, M., Bumrungsri, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Increasing Evidence that Bats Actively Forage at Wind Turbines Hale, A., Bennett, V., Korstian, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Bird migration monitoring in the Saint Nikola Wind Farm, Kaliakra region, in autumn 2017, and an analysis of potential impact after eight years of operation Zehtindjiev, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Local and socio-political acceptance of wind farms in Germany Sonnenberg, M., Ruddat, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Bat flight height monitored from wind masts predicts mortality risk at wind farms Roemer, C., Disca, T., Coulon, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Spring 2017 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter? DeVault, T., Seamans, T., Linnell, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study Ecology and Environment, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report ScottishPower Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Large-scale citizen science improves assessment of risk posed by wind farms to bats in southern Scotland Newson, S., Evans, H., Gillings, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats
East Anglia ONE North Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report ScottishPower Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Spring 2017 Taxonomic Analysis Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
When the Excrement Hits the Fan: Fecal Surveys Reveal Species-Specific Bat Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V., Hale, A., Williams, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Public Participation in Wind Energy Projects Located in Germany: Which Form of Participation is the Key to Acceptance? Langer, K., Decker, T., Menrad, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Human Dimensions
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm Vallejo, G., Grellier, K., Nelson, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Factors Associated with Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in the United States Thompson, M., Beston, J., Etterson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Study Ecology and Environment, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Wind Power and Externalities Zerrahn, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
The Development of a Comprehensive Legal Framework for the Promotion of Offshore Wind Power Gao, A., Fan, C. Book Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Feasibility Appraisal of an Offshore Wind Farm Located in Greece Soursou, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Marine Spatial Plan for Washington’s Pacific Coast Bates, E., Gianou, K., Hennessey, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Comparative assessment of the environmental impacts of nuclear, wind and hydro-electric power plants in Ontario: A life cycle assessment Siddiqui, O., Dincer, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
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