Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6408
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Open Ocean Aquaculture and Offshore Wind Farms. A feasibility study on the multifunctional use of offshore wind farms and offshore mariculture in the North Sea area Buck, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement GE Wind Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Potential Wind Park Impacts on Whooper Swans in Winter: The Risk of Collision Larsen, J., Clausen, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Potential Effects of Offshore Wind Developments on Coastal Processes Beiboer, F., Cooper, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Recommendations for project-related studies of possible impacts of marine wind farms during construction and operation on birds Hüppop, O., Exo, K., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Using conjoint analysis to quantify public preferences over the environmental impacts of wind farms. An example from Spain Alvarez-Farizo, B., Hanley, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Novar Windfarm Ltd Ornithological Monitoring Studies: Breeding Bird and Birdstrike Monitoring 2001 Results & 5-Year Review Bioscan Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Mature Areas of the Offshore North Sea SEA2 UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Acoustic and Electromagnetic Noise Induced by Wind Mills - Implications for Underwater Surveillance Systems Pilot Study Fristedt, T., Morén, P., Söderberg, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, EMF
The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Cabling Between Offshore Wind Turbines upon Elasmobranch Fishes Gill, A., Taylor, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies and Comparisons to Other Sources of Avian Collision Mortality in the United States Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Condon Wind Project Final Environmental Impact Statement Bonneville Power Administration Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment of a 150 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Farm at Nysted/Roedsand, Denmark Properzi, S., Herk-Hansen, H. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment for Wind Turbines Hassing, H. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Status of Avian Research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Sinclair, K. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the National Avian - Wind Power Planning Meeting IV NWCC Avian Subcommittee Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Environmental Consequences of Offshore Wind Power Generation Parkinson, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind farm development and nature conservation A guidance document for nature conservation organisations and developers when consulting over wind farm proposals in England Harley, M., Drewitt, A., Gilliland, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental Report: High Prairie II Wind Project Minnesota Department of Commerce Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Physical Environment
Automated Systems for Monitoring Avian Interactions with Utility Structures and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigative Measures Carlton, R., Harness, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Untersuchungen zum einfluss der errichtung und des betriebs von windenergieanlagen auf vögel im binnenland Bergen, F. Thesis Wind Energy Birds
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds Percival, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Assessment Of The Effects Of Noise And Vibration From Offshore Wind Farms On Marine Wildlife Vella, G., Rushforth, I., Mason, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Wind Energy Landscapes: Society and Technology in the California Desert Pasqualetti, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement PowerGen Renewables Development Limited (PRDL) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Final Report: Wind-turbine related bat mortality in southwestern Minnesota Krenz, J., McMillan, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Effects of Wind Turbines and Other Physical Elements on Field Utilization by Pink-Footed Geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A Landscape Perspective Larsen, J., Madsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Noise Measurements and Analysis: Offshore Pile-Driving Underwater and Above-Water Ødegaard and Danneskiold-Samsøe Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Avian Monitoring Studies at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: Results of a 4-Year Study Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Raptors
Birth to death analysis of the energy payback ratio and CO2 gas emission rates from coal, fission, wind, and DT-fusion electrical power plants White, S., Kucinski, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Wildlife Monitoring Studies: SeaWest Windpower Project, Carbon County, Wyoming: 1995-1999 Johnson, G., Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Raptors, Birds, Bats
Life Cycle Assessment of a Wind Farm and Related Externalities Schleisner, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Morality, Space, and the Power of Wind-Energy Landscapes Pasqualetti, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
The Role of Women in Sustainable Energy Development Cecelski, E. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Proceedings of the National Avian - Wind Power Planning Meeting III LGL Ltd Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian Risk Behavior and Fatalities at the Altamont Wind Resource Area: March 1998 to February 1999 Thelander, C., Rugge, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Impact Assessment: Summary of EIA Report Elsamprojekt Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E., Astrup, J., Larsen, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Horns Rev Offshore Wind Power Farm Environmental Impact Assessment on Water Quality Andersen, P. Report Wind Energy Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
The Likely Adverse Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources Abbasi, S., Abbasi, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Displaying 6241 - 6280 of 6408 results