Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Lake-crossing behavior of migratory songbirds: Assessing potential collision risk with offshore wind on Lake Erie Korpi, Z. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Passerines
Exploring development of spatially stratified wind turbine collision risk prior distributions for eagles: An application of adaptive management Howell, P., New, L., Bjerre, E., White, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Vulnerability and behavioural avoidance of Golden Eagles near wind farms during the breeding season Maynard, L., Lemaître, J., Therrien, J., Lecomte, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Strategic seaweed farming to support protected seabirds impacted by offshore windfarms Furness, R., Furness, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
This is EPIC: Extensive Periphery for Impact and Control to study seabird habitat loss in and around offshore wind farms combining a peripheral control area and Bayesian statistics Grundlehner, A., Leopold, M., Kersten, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies Sun, P., Jiang, Z., Chen, Y., Song, X., Pang, Y., Cai, B., Xu, X., Li, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind development in the Great Lakes: challenges, resources and technical solutions Javaherian, M., Wang, A., Hall, L., Zuo, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Marine artificial light at night: Implications and potential hazards for offshore songbird and bat movements in the Greater North Sea Walsh, C., Hüppop, O., Karwinkel, T., Liedvogel, M., Lindecke, O., McLaren, J., Schmaljohann, H., Siebenhüner, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
Impact of offshore wind farms on the fauna of the Baltic Sea Cieślewicz, N., Pilarski, K., Pilarska, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used to Assess Performance of Automated Detection and Audio Deterrent System for Reducing Wind-Turbine Collison Risk for Golden Eagles Smith, J., Schneider, S., Zirpoli, J., Terrill, S., Felton, S., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Spatial conflict resolution in marine spatial plans and permitting procedures for offshore wind energy: an analysis of measures adopted in Denmark, England and the Netherlands Kusters, J., van Kann, F., Zuidema, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Summary of Bird Monitoring Reports from Operational Wind Energy Facilities in South Africa BirdLife South Africa Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Estimated golden eagle mortality from wind turbines in the western United States Gedir, J., Gould, M., Millsap, B., Howell, P., Zimmerman, G., Bjerre, E., White, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Which is worse for wildlife, wind farms or oil drilling? Hardach, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines Fluhr, J., Duriez, O., Blary, C., Chambert, T., Almasi, B., Byholm, P., Buitendijk, N., Champagnon, J., Dagys, M., Fiedler, W., Francesiaz, C., Jiguet, F., Millon, A., Monti, F., Morcelet, L., Nathan, R., Nolet, B., Nuijten, R., Pilard, P., Ponchon, C., Roulin, A., Santos, C., Spiegel, O., Schalcher, K., De Seynes, A., Spanoghe, G., Wikelski, M., Zydelis, R., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
System impacts of wind energy developments: Key research challenges and opportunities McKenna, R., Lilliestam, J., Heinrichs, H., Weinand, J., Schmidt, J., Staffell, I., Hahmann, A. , Burgherr, P., Burdack, A., Bucha, M., Chen, R., Klingler, M., Lehmann, P., Lowitzsch, J., Novo, R., Price, J., Sacchi, R., Scherhaufer, P., Schöll, E., Visconti, P., Velasco-Herrejón, P., Zeyringer, M., Camargo, L.R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K., Robertson, B., Sierman, J., Sliger, J., Kruse, S., Burright, J., Douville, T., Cooperman, A., Copping, A., Farr, H., Barth, J., Raghukumar, K., Adams, G., Escajeda, E. , Jacobson, A., Kramer, S., Severy, M., Henkel, S., Newton, K., Chapple, T. , Heppell, S. , Heppel, S. , Davis, L., Hazboun, S., Boudet, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind energy development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Risk assessment for flying vertebrates Rebolo-Ifran, N., Nicolas A. L., Lambertucci, S. A. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Cumulative collision risk and population-level consequences of industrial wind-power plant development for two vulture species: A quantitative warning Bounas, A., Vasilakis, D., Kret, E., Zakkak, S., Chatzigiannakou, M., Kapsalis, E., Arkumarev, V., Dobrev, D., Stamenov, A., Stoychev, S., Skartsi, T., Sidiropoulos, L., Halley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Will red-crowned cranes avoid coastal wind farms? A research based on satellite tracking in Yancheng coastal wetland Hu, X., Wu, D., Chen, H., Chen, W., Chen, G., Hu, W., Chen, T. , Lu, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Shorebirds
Potential feeding sites for seabirds and marine mammals reveal large overlap with offshore wind energy development worldwide Morant, J., Payo-Payo, A., Maria-Valera, A., Perez-Garcia, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need Seavy, N., Wojcicki, S., Madden, A., Bateman, B., Fox, K., Fuller, J., George, G., Haney, C., Long, A. , Lyons, D., Rose, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Behavioral and functional responses of different bird clades to offshore windfarms in yellow sea, China Liu, W., Yuan, S., Shen, G., Ding, Y., Liu, X., Hu, C., Wei, C., Lu, X., Liu, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Development of a collision impact indicator to integrate in the life cycle assessment of offshore wind farms Baulaz, Y., Araignous, E., Pérez-López, P., Douziech, M., Quillienn, N., Verones, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore wind and impacts on migratory waterfowl of the Atlantic flyway White, M. Thesis Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of wind turbine dimensions on the collision risk of raptors: A simulation approach based on flight height distributions Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Zutter, C., Albert, P., Bedotti, O., Bourrioux, J., Buij, R., Chadoeuf, J., Grande, C., Illner, H., Isambert, J., Janssens, K., Julius, E., Lee, S., Mionnet, A., Muskens, G., Raab, R., Rijn, S., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Spanoghe, G., Hecke, B., Waldenstrom, J., Millon, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Feasibility of strategic ornithological compensatory measures in the Scottish context Tapia-Harris, C., Evans, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
How should the use of offshore wind farms by birds be approached and should it be encouraged? Henry, S., Bourgeois, K., Cadiou, B., Chabrolle, A., Guillemette, C., Planque, Y., Siblet, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Investigating Avian habitat modification and behavioral dynamics in active wind farm environments Salkanovic, E., Enevoldsen, P., Xydis, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Going digital: challenges in monitoring marine megafauna when comparing results from visual and digital aerial surveys Quéroué, M., Authier, M., Besnard, A., Heerah, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Avoidance and attraction responses of kittiwakes to three offshore wind farms in the North Sea Pollock, C., Johnston, D., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C., Humphreys, E.M., O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Weston, E., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Design of a Launcher for Wildlife Collision Simulation on Wind Turbines to Validate Strike Detection Systems Roadman, J., Goldhor, R., Hein, C., Ivanov, C., Rooney, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Detektionssysteme zur ereignisbezogenen Abschaltung von Windenergieanlagen zum Schutz von tagaktiven Brutvögeln Bruns, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Schemes for Assessing Ecosystem Impacts in the Offshore Wind Siting Processes of European Countries and Implications for Korea Ahn, S., Soh, Y., Ryu, J., Ha, J., Cha, Y., Yun, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J., Portugal, S., Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Advancing Nature Inclusive Offshore Renewable Energy Solutions Conference Dutch Marine Energy Centre Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates
How is cumulative seabird displacement from offshore wind farms assessed and verified, and what does current and future cumulative displacement look like? Hall, R. Thesis Wind Energy Displacement Birds, Seabirds
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