Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M., Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A., Dawson, C., Conners, M., Locke, C., Maxwell, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird Santos, C., Ramesh, H., Ferraz, R., Franco, A., Wikelski, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J., Silva, J., Atkinson, P., Record, P., Acacio, M., Arkumarev, V., Blas, J., Bouten, W., Burten, N., Catry, I., Champagnon, J., Clewley, G., Dagys, M., Duriez, O., Exo, K., Fiedler, W., Flack, A., Friedemann, G., Fritz, J., Garcia-Ripolles, C., Garthe, S., Giunchi, D., Grozdanov, A., Harel, R., Humphreys, E., Janssen, R., Kolzch, A., Kulikova, O., Lameris, T., Lopez-Lopez, P., Masden, E., Monti, F., Nathan, R., Nikolov, S., Oppel, S., Peshev, H., Phipps, L., Pokrovsky, I., Ross-Smith, V., Saravia, V., Scragg, E., Sforzi, A., Stoynov, E., Thaxter, C., Van Steelant, W., van Toor, M., Vorneweg, B., Waldenstrom, J., Wikelski, M., Zydelis, R., Franco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Evaluating Bat Roost Abundance: A Comparison of Drone-Acquired Thermal Imagery and Acoustic Recordings with Visual Observers Jaffe, K., Carter, R., Corcoran, A., Arceo-Gomez, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Comments on the March 22, 2022 Study Outcomes from Conservation Biology Institute Project Workshop Flick, P., Kelly, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Summary of Activates and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated system for Protection of Birds, 2021 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds
Impact assessments of wind farms on seabird populations that overlook existing drivers of demographic change should be treated with caution Horswill, C., Miller, J., Wood, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A., Verhoef, J., De Vries, L., Gonzalez-Aparicio, I. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
ThermalTracker-3D Offshore Validation Technical Report Matzner, S., Warfel, T., Hull, R., Williams, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Environmental Data Catalog for the Morro Bay Wind Energy Area Johnson, C., Currier, C., Howar, J., Elliott, M., Rockwood, C., Jahncke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Stochastic agent-based model for predicting turbine-scale raptor movements during updraft-subsidized directional flights Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E., Thedin, R., Lawson, M., Brandes, D., Farmer, C., Miller, T., Draxl, C., Doubrawa, P., Williams, L., Duerr, A., Braham, M., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Adverse environmental impacts of wind farm installations and alternative research pathways to their mitigation Chowdhury, N., Shakib, M., Xu, F., Salehin, S., Islam, M., Bhuiyan, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats Maxwell, S., Kershaw, F., Locke, C., Conners, M., Dawson, C., Aylesworth, S., Loomis, R., Johnson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation
The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds: An Introduction to North American Grasslands and the Practices Used to Manage Grasslands and Grassland Birds Shaffer, J., DeLong, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Vulnerability of avian populations to renewable energy production Conkling, T., Zanden, H., Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Dietsch, T., Duerr, A., Fesnock, A., Hernandez, R., Loss, S., Nelson, D., Sanzenbacher, P., Yee, J., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2021 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms Johnston, D., Thaxter, C., Boersch-Supan, P., Humphreys, E., Bouten, W., Clewley, G., Scragg, E., Masden, E., Barber, L., Conway, G., Clark, N., Burton, N., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Sandwich Terns in the Netherlands in 2019-2021 van Bemmelen, R., Courtens, W., Collier, M., Fijn, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Northern gannet collision risk with wind turbines at the southern North Sea Collier, M., Potiek, A., Hin, V., Leemans, J., Soudijn, F., Middelveld, R., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Cumulative impact assessment of collisions with existing and planned offshore wind turbines in the southern North Sea Potiek, A., Leemans, J., Middelveld, R., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls Fijn, R., Govers, L., Lutterop, D., Middelveld, R., van Bemmelen, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2021-2022 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Ecological and methodological drivers of persistence and detection of bird fatalities at power lines: Insights from multi-project monitoring data Bernardino, J., Martins, R., Bispo, R., Marques, A., Mascarenhas, M., Silva, R., Moreira, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Density maps of the herring gull for the Dutch continental shelf Soudijn, F., Chen, C., Potiek, A., van Donk, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Quarterly Report: July 2021 to October 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A., Ijntema, G.J., van Kooten, T., Leopold, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
2022 Pacific Seabird Group 49th Annual Meeting. 22 - 25 February 2022 Pacific Seabird Group (PSG) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Crossing artificial obstacles during migration: The relative global ecological risks and interdependencies illustrated by the migration of common quail Coturnix coturnix Nadal, J., Sáez, D., Margalida, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Satellite Tracking of Migration Routes of the Eastern Buzzard (Buteo japonicus) in Japan through Sakhalin Hijikata, N., Yamaguchi, N., Hiraoka, E., Nakayama, F., Uchida, K., Tokita, K., Higuchi, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Tracking lesser black-backed and herring gulls in the Dutch Delta Vanermen, N., Fijn, R., Rebolledo, E., Buijs, R., Courtens, W., Duijns, S., Lilipaly, S., Verstraete, H., Stienen, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
A Predictive Flight-Altitude Model for Avoiding Future Conflicts Between an Emblematic Raptor and Wind Energy Development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Lörcher, F., Hegglin, D., Arlettaz, R., Braunisch, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Cumulative population-level effects of habitat loss on seabirds 'Kader Ecologie en Cumulatie 4.0' Soudijn, F., van Donk, S., Leopold, M., van der Wal, J., Hin, V. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Assessment of effectiveness of the IdentiFlight® avian detection system Rogers, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations Díaz, H., Teixeira, A., Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J., Lejart, M., Nexer, M., Michel, S., Quentric, A., Theibaud, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model to Evaluate Floating Wind Farm Locations Díaz, H., Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Anticoagulant Expsoure in Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) Power Line Electrocution and Wind Turbine Mortalities Viner, T., Kagan, R., Lehner, A., Buchweitz, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India Kumara, H., Babu, S., Rao, G., Mahato, S., Bhattacharya, M., Rao, N., Tamiliniyan, D., Parengal, H., Deepak, D., Balakrishnan, A., Bilaskar, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B., Gardner, E., Willcock, S., Sarats, E., Bradley, A., Earnshaw, K., Fremantle, C., Bezant, J., Finan, J., Ziv, G., Balzter, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
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