Abstract
With the continual advancement of wind energy projects, concerns regarding biodiversity have escalated. This review delves into the significance of bird-monitoring programs conducted at several wind farms in Denmark, namely Horns Rev 1 and 2, Nysted, Tunø Knob, Anholt, and Klim Fjordholme, since the late 1990s. Previous studies have revealed that despite the presence of important migratory species around these wind farms, their flight patterns indicate an adaptation to the presence of turbines. The East-Atlantic Flyway accentuates the importance of these findings, as it hosts millions of waterbirds annually. It has been observed that habitat alteration, particularly due to the construction of wind turbines, influences the flight behavior of avian species, including those of EU importance. The altered flight behavior induced by wind turbines can have significant implications for bird populations, particularly in terms of fitness and fecundity, especially for sensitive species and large birds of prey. This underscores the necessity for ongoing bird monitoring programs to comprehensively understand the spatial distribution and behavior of avian species, thus informing global strategies to mitigate potential impacts on both commercial interests and environmental conservation efforts.