Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Birds and Wind Farms: Risk Assessment and Mitigation de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Book Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm: Wildlife Monitoring and Mitigation Plan Portland General Electric Company, Oregon Department of Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Wind farms' deadly reputation hard to shift Marris, E., Fairless, D. Magazine Article Wind Energy Birds
Nocturnal Behavior of Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities Castle, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
COWRIE Workshop on the Cumulative Impact of Offshore Windfarms on Birds Norman, T., Buisson, R., Askew, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wildlife and Habitat Baseline Study for the Whiskey Ridge Wind Power Project, Kittitas County, Washington Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Marine Renewable Energy Development in Scotland (MREDS) Side, J., Gibb, S., Stephen, K. Research Study Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Guide to Preparing an EA Registration Document for Wind Power Projects in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Climate Change (Nova Scotia Environment) Guidance Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
MER Offshore Windmolenpark Bligh Bank Belwind NV De Sutter, R., Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Belwind Environmental Impact Study: Non-Technical Summary De Sutter, R., Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Interim Summary on the Effectiveness of the Winter Period Turbine Shutdown in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Erickson, W., Strickland, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind Turbines on Birds Canadian Wildlife Service Report Wind Energy Birds
Wind Turbines and Birds: A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment Canadian Wildlife Service Report Wind Energy Birds
Changes in Bird Habitat Utilisation around the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm, with Particular Emphasis on Common Scoter Petersen, I., Fox, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Seabirds, Birds
Puget Sound Energy Hopkins Ridge Wind Project Phase 1 Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring First Annual Report Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Collision Risks Between Marine Renewable Energy Devices and Mammals, Fish and Diving Birds Wilson, B., Batty, R., Daunt, F. Report Marine Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Poor Evidence-Base For Assessment Of Windfarm Impacts On Birds Steward, G., Pullin, A., Coles, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Variation in Bat and Bird Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities: Assessing the Effects of Rotor Size and Tower Height Barclay, R., Baerwald, E., Gruver, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the NWCC Wildlife Workgroup Research Planning Meeting VI Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Development of a Cost-Effective System to Monitor Wind Turbines for Bird and Bat Collisions Phase I: Sensor System Feasibility Study Pandey, A., Hermence, J., Harness, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Eagle Owl and Wind Power development at Karmøy, Western Norway Rov, N., Jacobsen, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Post-construction monitoring report for avian and bat mortality at the NPPD Ainsworth Wind Farm Derby, C., Dahl, A., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Renewable Energy Resources and Wildlife: Impacts and Opportunities Arnett, E., Strickland, M., Morrison, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
What is migration? Dingle, H., Alistair, V. Journal Article Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Protocol for Investigating Displacement Effects of Wind Facilities on Grassland Songbirds Erickson, W., Strickland, D., Shaffer, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Passerines, Birds, Bats
Annual FEPA Monitoring Report (2005-6) Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Interim Ornithology Chapter Gill, J.P., Mitchell, A., Pinder, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern Hatch, J., Brault, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Catalog of Oregon Seabird Colonies Biological Technical Publication Naughton, M., Pitkin, D., Lowe, R. Report Birds, Seabirds
Proceedings of the Effects of Oil on Wildlife: Research, Rehabilitation, and General Concerns Massey, J. Conference Paper Chemicals Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
Applying Radar Technology to Migratory Bird Conservation and Management: Strengthening and Expanding a Collaborative Ruth, J. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Regulating Avian Impacts Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Other Laws: The Wind Industry Collides with One of its Own, the Environmental Protection Movement McKinsey, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) on Sleneset and Windpower Jacobsen, K., Rov, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Raptors, Birds
Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium): Significant Effect on Breeding Tern Colony Due to Collisions Everaert, J., Stienen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Response of Night-Migrating Songbirds in Cloud to Colored and Flashing Light Evans, W., Akashi, Y., Altman, N. Journal Article Lighting Birds, Passerines
Estimation of seabird numbers in the German North Sea throughout the annual cycle and their biogeographic importance Garthe, S., Sonntag, N., Schwemmer, P. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison Mason, J., McChesney, G., McIver, W. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Tern Observations Near Monomoy Island ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Avian/Wind Statistical Peer Review Project Surles, T., Vine, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Spring 2006 Bird and Bat Migration Surveys at the Proposed Deerfield Wind Project in Searsburg and Readsboro, Vermont Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Results of Wildlife Movement Monitoring Using an Infrared Sensing Remote Camera Located Under Wind Turbine 7, Searsburg Wind Project April-November 2006 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines, Terrestrial Mammals
Displaying 2121 - 2160 of 2478 results