Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind Power Compensation is not for the Birds: An Opinion from an Environmental Economist Cole, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Upland Breeding Birds at an Operational Wind Farm Douglas, D., Bellamy, P., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Shorebirds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
NedPower Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Young, D. Jr., Nomani, S., Tidhar, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Mortality Study: Cedar Ridge Wind Farm, Fond Du Lac County, Wisconsin BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
State of the Washington Coast: Ecology, Management, and Research Priorities Skewgar, E., Dethier, M., Pearson, S. Report Marine Energy Chemicals Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Local Birds in and around the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) Leopold, M., Dijkman, E., Teal, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Bird migration monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park territory, Kaliakra region, in autumn 2011, and an evaluation of a potential “barrier effect” after two years of operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Risk Evaluation for Federally Listed (Roseate Tern, Piping Plover) or Candidate (Red Knot) Bird Species in Offshore Waters: A First Step for Managing the Potential Impacts of Wind Facility Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Burger, J., Gordon, C., Lawrence, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Birds
Investigation on Design for a 500 W Wind Turbine Composite Blade Considering Impact Damage Kong, C., Choi, S., Park, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Birkhühner Tetrao tetrix (Linnaeus 1758): Ein Leben zwischen Windrädern und Schiliften Grunschachner-Berger, V., Kainer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Collision risk of White-fronted Geese with wind turbines Sugimoto, H., Matsuda, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
Cantabrian Capercaillie signs disappeared after a wind farm construction Gonzalez, M., Ena, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
FORCE Environmental Effects Monitoring Report September 2009 to January 2011 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Appropriate Assessment Screening for AMETS, Co. Mayo Scally, L. Research Study Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision Birds
The implementation of the Birds and Habitats Directives in estuaries and coastal zones European Commission Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Meeting Europe's Renewable Energy Targets in Harmony with Nature BirdLife Europe Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds
Comparing Pre- and Post-Construction Distributions of Long-Tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis in and around the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm, Denmark: A Quasi-Designed Experiment Accounting for Imperfect Detection, Local Surface Features and Autocorrelation Petersen, I., Mackenzie, M., Rexstad, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2010/2011 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Flow, Water Column & Benthic Ecology 4D (FLOWBEC) Blondel, P., Bryden, I., Conley, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow Birds, Fish, Invertebrates
Demography of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens in Unfragmented Grasslands in Kansas Augustine, J., Sandercock, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Wind energy developments and Natura 2000 European Union Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Seabird Surveys at Ireland’s Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) Hunt, J., Beaubier, J., McLoughlin, D. Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (BirdWind) Report on Findings 2007-2010 Bevanger, K., Berntsen, F., Clausen, S. Report Wind Energy Shorebirds, Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm Garvin, J., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Reedsport OPT Environmental Assessment Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Night Migrant Fatalities And Obstruction Lighting At Wind Turbines In North America Kerlinger, P., Gehring, J., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Lighting, Collision Birds
Samlet belastning av vindkraftutbygging på fugl: standardvilkår for for- og etterundersøkelser May, R., Dahl, E., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J., Calvo, J., Zuberogoita, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Pre-Wind Energy Development Assessment of the Avian Community in the Central Texas Panhandle Wulf, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Patterns of Bird and Bat Fatality at the Locust Ridge II Wind Farm, Pennsylvania Arnett, E., Schirmacher, M., Hein, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles: Modelling Collision Risk Using Vantage Point Observations in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Hoel, P., Langston, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Evaluating Effects of Stressors - Fiscal Year 2010 Progress Report: Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. Report Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Minimizing Collision Risk Between Migrating Raptors and Marine Wind Farms: Development of a Spatial Planning Tool Baisner, A., Andersen, J., Findsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm: Diver Surveys 2009-10 Percival, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
A call-independent and automatic acoustic system for the individual recognition of animals: A novel model using four passerines Cheng, J., Sun, Y., Ji, L. Journal Article Passerines, Birds
Avian and Bat Risk Assessment for the Montezuma II Wind Project, Solano County, California ICF International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bird Collisions with Power Lines: Failing to See the Way Ahead? Martin, G., Shaw, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
2010 Initial Bird Assessment of the Dennis Water District Wind Turbine Project Site Podolsky, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Displaying 1841 - 1880 of 2478 results