Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
MOTION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION FOR APPROVAL OF THE ELECTRIC PROGRAM INVESTMENT CHARGE INTERIM INVESTMENT PLAN 2021 California Energy Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A Runway Safety System Based on Vertically Oriented Stereovision Gradolewski, D., Dziak, D., Kaniecki, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean Duarte, C., Chapuis, L., Collin, S. Journal Article Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) are strongly affected by operating offshore wind farms during the breeding season Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Mercker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Final Report of the California Current Ecosystem Survey (CCES) 2018: A PacMAPPS Study Moore, J. Report Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Calculation of biodiversity level between different land-uses to improve conservation outcomes of biodiversity offsetting Millon, L., Barre, K., Julliard, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Limitations, lack of standardization, and recommended best practices in studies of renewable energy effects on birds and bats Conkling, T., Loss, S., Diffendorfer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Wind energy facilities affect resource selection of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Taubmann, J., Kämmerle, J., Andrén, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Final Technical Report: A Heterogeneous System for Eagle Detection, Deterrent, and Wildlife Collision Detection for Wind Turbines Albertani, R., Clocker, K., Hu, C. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
A new hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach for location selection of sustainable offshore wind energy stations: A case study Abdel-Basset, M., Gamal, A., Chakrabortty, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration Santos, C., Ferraz, R., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Methods to quantify avian airspace use in relation to wind energy development Largey, N., Cook, A., Thaxter, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Wind energy in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: conflicts and social implications Martínez-Mendoza, E., Rivas-Tovar, L., García-Santamaría, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Comprehensive Bird Preservation at Wind Farms Gradolwski, D., Dziak, D., Martynow, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Recent increase in knowledge about numbers and flight behaviour in the White-throated Needletail 'Hirundapus caudacutus' Tarburton, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment Orkney Islands Council Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Modelling the habitat selection of the bearded vulture to predict areas of potential conflict with wind energy development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Lörcher, F., Hegglin, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors
Assessing movements of birds using digitally-coded VHF transmitters: A validation study Paton, P., Cooper-Mullin, C., Kouhi, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy EMF Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Final Environmental Assessment Leaning Juniper I Wind Facility Eagle Incidental Take Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
X-shaped Radical Offshore Wind Turbine for Overall Cost of Energy Reduction (X-ROTOR) Jessopp, M., Clairbaux, M. Research Study Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Bluetooth Based Bird Detection System Muppireddy, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy. Overview and Summary. Robinson Willmott, J., Clerc, J., Vukovich, M. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Tracking Movements of Migratory Shorebirds in the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Region Loring, P., Lenske, A., McLaren, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers Bennun, L., van Bochove, J., Ng, C. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Migratory Soaring Birds Project BirdLife International Website Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Protected Species Observer Technical Report for the Ørsted New England IHA, BOEM Lease Areas OCS-A 0486, OCS-A 0487, and OCS-A 0500; 2019–2020 Smultea, M., Haase, P., Hartin, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Mesoscale Modeling to Characterize Eagle Soaring Habitat Draxl, C., Lawson, M., Farmer, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
What really undermines public acceptance of wind turbines? A choice experiment analysis in Israel Peri, E., Becker, N., Tal, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Environmental Impact Assessment
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: July 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Assessing the exposure of three diving bird species to offshore wind areas on the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf using satellite telemetry Stenhouse, I., Berlin, A., Gilbert, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: August Surveys I & II 2020 Arundale, M., Goulding, A., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Global life-cycle impacts of onshore wind-power plants on bird richness May, R., Middel, H., Stokke, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J., Jeavons, R., Deakin, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Atmospheric Modeling to Enable Prediction of Golden Eagle Interactions with Wind Power Plants Quon, E., Lawson, M., Tripp, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
AWWI Technical Report: 2nd Edition: Summary of Bird Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Allison, T., Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation European Commission Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Above and below: Military Aircraft Noise in Air and under Water at Whidbey Island, Washington Kuehne, L., Erbe, C., Ashe, E. Journal Article Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A., Gorton, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Displaying 601 - 640 of 2478 results