Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2473
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Individual-based model lesser black-backed gulls in the Netherlands van Bemmelen, R., Soudijn, F., Benden, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Birds not in flight: using camera traps to observe ground use of birds at a wind-energy facility Puffer, S., Tennant, L., Lovich, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Bird Displacement by Wind Turbines: Assessing Current Knowledge and Recommendations for Future Studies Marques, A., Batalha, H., Bernardino, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds
Risk evaluation of onshore wind farms in relation to wild duck (Anatidae) movements in the Yangtze River Mouth, China Zhao, S., Xu, H., Zhong, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-F3: Red Knot Tagging Study Memorandum Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): August II 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Robinson Willmott, J. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore North Carolina Draft Supplemental Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Response of Ferruginous Hawks to temporary habitat alterations for energy development in southwestern Alberta Parayko, N., Ng, J., Marley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): August I 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Robinson Willmott, J. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The Influence of Policy Risk on Swiss Wind Power Investment Broughel, A., Wüstenhagen, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 Odinga, J., Barbé, D., van Mastrigt, A. Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Marine Mammal Collision Risk Modelling Vallejo, G., McCarthy, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site Reynaud, M., Le Bouhris, E., Soulard, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Year 1 Post-Construction Ornithological Monitoring Report - 2019 Trinder, M. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds
Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays Verreycken, E., Simon, R., Quirk-Royal, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A new framework and tool for ecological risk assessment of wave energy converters projects Galparsoro, I., Korta, M., Subirana, I. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): July 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Robinson Willmott, J. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental Information for Siting and Operation of Floating Tidal Turbines in U.S. Waters Copping, A., Garavelli, L., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Maryland Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan: Appendix II N1 - Avian Risk Assessment ESS Group, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew Jiguet, F., Schwemmer, P., Rousseau, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
An indicator for assessing the status of marine-bird habitats affected by multiple human activities: A novel statistical approach Mercker, M., Dierschke, V., Camphuysen, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Quarterly Report: March 2021 to June 2021 Arundale, M., Goddard, B., Warford, S. Report Wind Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Breeding Density and Collision Mortality of Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K., Smallwood, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
A Temporal Boosted YOLO-Based Model for Birds Detection around Wind Farms Alqaysi, H. , Fedorov, I. , Qureshi, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland Bogdanova, M., Buckingham, L., Newell, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Virtual Forum on Prairie Grouse and Wind Energy: 2021 Synthesis American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning Fauchald, P., Tarroux, A., Amélineau, F. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Tracking the movements of North Atlantic seabirds: steps towards a better understanding of population dynamics and marine ecosystem conservation Strøm, H., Descamps, S., Ekker, M. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs Dufour, P., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K., Lavergne, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underestimated Scale of Songbird Offshore Migration Across the South-Eastern North Sea during Autumn Brust, V., Hüppop, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Passerines
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C., Dunn, L., McCabe, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
State of Maine Offshore Wind Energy Research Array: Application for an Outer Continental Shelf Renewable Energy Research Lease State of Maine Report Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway Oppel, S., Arkumarev, V., Bakari, S, Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea Pollock, C., Lane, J., Buckingham, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Cumulative impacts of wind farms on the North Sea ecosystem Piet, G., Tamis, J., van der Wal, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy: Volume 2: Results (Birds) Pembroke, A., Robinson Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Documentation of the technical discussion "Anti-collision systems for birds" - A look at the development and testing status KNE (Kompetenzzentrum Naturschutz und Energiewende) Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Displaying 441 - 480 of 2473 results