Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 741
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms Hutchison, Z., Secor, D., Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned Carey, D., Wilber, D., Read, L. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Farm Artificial Reefs Affect Ecosystem Structure and Functioning: A Synthesis Degraer, S., Carey, D., Coolen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Acoustic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Fishery Resources: An Evolving Source and Varied Effects Across a Wind Farm’s Lifetime Mooney, T., Andersson, M., Stanley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Wind Energy and Benthic Habitat Changes: Lessons from Block Island Wind Farm Hutchison, Z., Bartley, M., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms? Bell, A., von der Au, M., Regnery, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Moray East Construction Survey Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A., Hemery, L., Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
PelagiCam: a novel underwater imaging system with computer vision for semi-automated monitoring of mobile marine fauna at offshore structures Sheehan, E., Bridger, D., Nancollas, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary Consensus Building Institute Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Colonisation of wave power foundations by mobile mega- and macrofauna – a 12 year study Bender, A., Langhamer, O., Sundberg, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization Hylkema, A., Debrot, A., Osinga, R. Journal Article Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Renewable energy homes for marine life: Habitat potential of a tidal energy project for benthic megafauna Taormina, B., Laurans, M., Marzloff, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
A Scheimpflug lidar used to observe insect swarming at a wind turbine Jansson, S., Malmqvist, E., Brydegaard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction Bats, Invertebrates
Effects of marine noise pollution on Mediterranean fishes and invertebrates: A review Di Franco, E., Pierson, P., Di lorio, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast Poti, M., Henkel, S., Bizzarro, J. Report Wind Energy Invertebrates
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 5: Risk to Animals from Electromagnetic Fields Emitted by Electric Cables and Marine Renewable Energy Devices Gill, A., Desender, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island - Project Report Hutchison, Z., Bartley, M., English, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
South Fork Wind Fisheries Research and Monitoring Plan South Fork Wind, INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Transferable, predictive models of benthic communities informs marine spatial planning in a remote and data‐poor region Bridge, T., Huang, Z., Przeslawski, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Automated Identification of Fish and Other Aquatic Life in Underwater Video Blowers, S., Evans, J., McNally, K. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Succession in epibenthic communities on artificial reefs associated with marine renewable energy facilities within a tide-swept environment Taormina, B., Percheron, A., Marzloff, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Tongan socio-environmental spatial layers for marine ecosystem management Smallhorn-West, P., Gordon, S., Dempsey, A. Journal Article Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Modelling the impact of tidal range energy on species communities Baker, A., Craighead, R., Jarvis, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Vineyard Wind Demersal Trawl Survey 2019/2020 Annual Report He, P., Rillahan, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Horwath, S., Hassrick, J., Grismala, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles
Marine Biofouling: A European Database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector Vinagre, P., Simas, T., Cruz, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates Albert, L., Deschamps, F., Jolivet, A. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Hywind Scotland Artificial Substrate Colonisation Survey MMT Sweden Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Survival strategies and molecular responses of two marine mussels to gradual burial by sediment Hutchison, Z., Green, D., Burrows, M. Journal Article Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Invertebrates
Annual environmental report 2019 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Taking the Animals' Perspective Regarding Anthropogenic Underwater Sound Popper, A., Hawkins, A., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports Chen, C., Zhao, L., He, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders Mavraki, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
The Colonization of a Multi-functional Artificial Reef Designed for the American Lobster, Homarus Americanus Roy, C. Thesis Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Development of epibenthic assemblages on artificial habitat associated with marine renewable infrastructure Sheehan, E., Cartwright, A., Witt, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Benthic effects of offshore renewables: identification of knowledge gaps and urgently needed research Dannheim, J., Bergström, L., Birchenough, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Invertebrates
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Moens, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
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