Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2478
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Griffin, L., Rees, E., Hughes, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Spring Valley Wind Energy Facility SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Radar Monitoring of Bird and Bat Movement Patterns on Block Island and its Coastal Waters Mizrahi, D., Fogg, R., Magarian, T. Report Collision Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh II Wind Power Project Solano County, California Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
FARMLAND BIRDS ACROSS THE WORLD van der Weijden, W., Terwan, P., Guldemond, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Klondike III (Phase 1) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Study October 2007–October 2009 Gritski, B., Downes, S., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Bayesian Integration for Marine Spatial Planning and Renewable Energy Siting Halsey, K., Goldfinger, C. Research Study Marine Energy Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Potential Impacts of Wave-Powered Marine Renewable Energy Installations on Marine Birds Grecian, W., Inger, R., Attrill, M. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms: A Simulation-Based Approach Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Hulscher, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The precautionary principle and wind-farm planning: data scarcity does not imply absence of effects Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Aerial survey methods, data collection and statistical analysis APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Clocaenog Forest Wind Farm Collision Risk Report Model George, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
A crane movement model parameterized using portable radar for evaluating response to wind energy development Kirsch, E., Diehl, R., Suarez, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
Acuity of a Cryptochrome and Vision-Based Magnetoreception System in Birds Solov'yov, I., Mouritsen, H., Schulten, K. Journal Article EMF Birds
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 2: Avian Studies Geo-Marine Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast Kaplan, B., Beegle-Krause, C., McCay, D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Barriers to Movement: Modelling Energetic Costs of Avoiding Marine Wind Farms Amongst Breeding Seabirds Masden, E., Haydon, D., Fox, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Increase Wind Turbine - Caused Avian Fatality Estimates Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Snyder, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Energy: Progress and Potential Kaygusuz, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Spatial Distribution, Abundance and Flight Ecology of Birds in Nearshore and Offshore Waters in Rhode Island Paton, P., Winiarski, K., Trocki, C. Report Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Bird Migration Flight Altitudes Studied by a Network of Operational Weather Radars Dokter, A., Liechti, F., Stark, H. Journal Article Birds
Impact of Terrestrial Wind Farms on Diurnal Raptors: Developing a Spatial Vulnerability Index and Potential Vulnerability Maps Noguera, J., Pérez, I., Mínguez, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Conceptual Model of Offshore Wind Environmental Risk Evaluation System Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Search Areas for Monitoring Bird and Bat Carcasses at Wind Farms using a Monte-Carlo Model Hull, C., Muir, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Spatial Trade-Offs between Wind Power Production and Bird Collision Avoidance in Agricultural Landscape Eichhorn, M., Drechsler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying the Relative Use of Coastal Waters by Breeding Terns: Towards Effective Tools for Planning & Assessing the Ornithological Impact of Offshore Wind Farms Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Comparison of Design- and Model-Based Estimates of Seabird Abundance Derived from Visual, Digital Still Transects and Digital Video Aerial Surveys in Carmarthen Bay Burt, L., Rexstad, E., Buckland, S. Report Birds, Seabirds
The Impacts of Roads and other Infrastructure on Mammal and Bird Populations: A Meta-Analysis Benitez-Lopez, A., Alkemade, R., Verweij, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms Boon, A., ter Hofstede, R., Klok, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds, Bats
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Park "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2009/2010 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Birds
A Currency for Offsetting Energy Development Impacts: Horse-Trading Sage-Grouse on the Open Market Doherty, K., Naugle, D., Evans, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Spatial Pattern of Summer Bat Mortality from Collisions with Wind Turbines in Mixed-Grass Prairie Piorkowski, M., O'Connell, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Greater Sage-Grouse & Wind Energy Development: A Review of the Issues Johnson, G., Holloran, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Final Report Bird and Bat Fatality Studies Fowler Ridge I Wind-Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 6 - October 30, 2009 Johnson, G., Ritzert, M., Nomani, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bird and Bat Fatality Studies Fowler Ridge III Wind-Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 2 - June 10, 2009 Johnson, G., Ritzert, M., Nomani, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Determination of Raptor Migratory Pathways over a Large Landscape Seeland, H. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation Willis, C., Barclay, R., Boyles, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Attraction Birds, Bats
Megawatts are not megawatt-hours and other responses to Willis et al. Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Wing-Beat Characteristics of Birds Recorded with Tracking Radar and Cine Camera Bruderer, B., Peter, D., Boldt, A. Journal Article Passerines, Birds
Are Flying Wildlife Attracted to (or do they Avoid) Wind Turbines? Larkin, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Displaying 1881 - 1920 of 2478 results