Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Short and long-term exposure of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) to an aluminum salt and to the cocktail of elements released by galvanic anode cathodic protection (GACP): impact on survival, growth, reproduction and behavior Blanc-Legendre, M.; Gosselin, T.; Caplat, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Fish, Demersal Fish
Coupling metal concentrations and drift simulations for tracing emissions from offshore wind farms Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zimmermann, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment
Transport mechanisms of particulate emissions from artificial marine structures Czerner, N.; Windt, C.; Goseberg, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Chemical emissions from offshore wind farms: From identification to challenges in impact assessment and regulation Hengstmann, E.; Corella, P.; Alter, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
This is EPIC: Extensive Periphery for Impact and Control to study seabird habitat loss in and around offshore wind farms combining a peripheral control area and Bayesian statistics Grundlehner, A.; Leopold, M.; Kersten, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Exploring the impact of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: A behavioural and physiological perspective Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Makaras, T. ; Normant-Saremba, M.; et al. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, EMF Invertebrates
Offshore wind energy: assessing trace element inputs and the risks for co-location of aquaculture Watson, G.; Banfield, G. ; Watson, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Will red-crowned cranes avoid coastal wind farms? A research based on satellite tracking in Yancheng coastal wetland Hu, X.; Wu, D.; Chen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Shorebirds
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind and impacts on migratory waterfowl of the Atlantic flyway White, M. Thesis Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Performance of a fine-scale acoustic positioning system for monitoring temperate fish behavior in relation to offshore marine developments Shipley, O.; Nicoll, A.; Cerrato, R.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Using Ultraviolet Light To Deter Bats From Wind Turbines—Short Science Summary ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Methodology for Combining Digital Aerial Survey Data and Passive Acoustic Baseline Data Harris, D.; Chudzinska, M.; Jacobson, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
How should the use of offshore wind farms by birds be approached and should it be encouraged? Henry, S.; Bourgeois, K.; Cadiou, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Analysis of the effects on harbour porpoises from the underwater sound during the construction of the Borssele and Gemini offshore wind farms de Jong, C.; Lam, F.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Adapting the iPCoD Framework for Harbour Porpoises to Utilise a Dynamic Energy Budget Model in Modelling the Effects of Disturbance – Final Report Harwood, J.; Chudzinska, M.; Hin, V.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Avoidance and attraction responses of kittiwakes to three offshore wind farms in the North Sea Pollock, C.; Johnston, D.; Boersch-Supan, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Marine Mammals
Offshore wind farm operation contributed to a slight improvement in seawater quality along the Jiangsu Coast, China Wei, Z.; Wang, M.; Gao, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment, Water Quality
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind‬ Development on Marine Ecosystems‬ ‭ King, C. Thesis Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales Whale Communications Committee; Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Guidance for Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring to Detect Changes in Marine Bird Distributions and Habitat Use Related to Offshore Wind Development Avian Displacement Guidance Committee Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Birds
Preliminary study on the environmental effects of hydrogen production at sea Plantema, M.; van Erp, C.; Verweij, L. ; et al. Report Chemicals, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Analysis of the Impact of Wind Farm Construction on the Marine Environment Lazuga, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment, Water Quality
Context-dependent effects of wind turbines on bats in rural landscapes Sotillo, A.; Le Viol, I.; Barre, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future [E3S] Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Distribution of common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) activity is altered by airflow disruption generated by wind turbines Leroux, C.; Barre, K.; Valet, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance Bats
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Detection and Deterrent System in Reducing Golden Eagle Fatalities at Operational Wind Facilities Felton, S.; Perkins, L.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing the Ecological and Social Impact of Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Study Rottbers, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Will future wind power development in Scandinavia have an impact on wolves? Miltz, C.; Eriksen, A.; Wikenros, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
An analytical strategy for challenging members of the microplastic family: Particles from anti-corrosion coatings Hildebrandt, L.; Fischer, M.; Klein, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment, Water Quality
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States Williams, K.; Gulka, J.; Cook, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
SEABIRD: System for Environmental Assessment of Bird/Bat Interactions with Real-time Detection Chang, G.; Chevitarese, M.; Kramer, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Seabirds
Lack of evasive behaviour by a Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus on impact with a turbine blade at a South African wind farm: causes and mitigations; Absence de comportement évasif d’un Aigle martial Polemaetus bellicosus lors de l’impact avec une pale Simmons, R.; Martins, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation Voigt, C.; Bernard, E.; Huang, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats
Offshore Wind Facts: Fish and Invertebrates Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds
What are the potential effects of offshore wind farms on coastal fish and their essential habitats? Henry, S.; Couturier, L.; Darnaude, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Challenges in quantifying the responses of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to habitat variables and local stressors due to individual variation O'Hanlon, N.; Thaxter, C.; Clewley, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Observations of harbour porpoises in offshore wind farms Final report Leemans, J.; Fijn, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? Peschko, V.; Schwemmer, H.; Mercker, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K.; Kramer, S.; Schneider, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds

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