United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2242
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Development and testing of a three-dimensional ballistics model for bat strikes on wind turbines Prakash, S., Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island with Emphasis on Large Whales: Interim Report Campaign 6A, 2020 O'Brien, O., McKenna, K., Pendleton, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Avian Species Research Fernandez, K., Middleton, P., Salerno, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Assessment of Seascape, Landscape, and Visual Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States Sullivan, R. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Bats (Chiroptera) of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah and Arizona Carpenter, G., Pilkington, L., Levorse, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A., Sherfy, M., Wimer, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Field Observations During Offshore Wind Structure Installation and Operation (Maryland Offshore Wind and Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind) Amaral, J., Ampela, K., Frankel, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z1: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and ESA-Listed Fish Species CSA Ocean Sciences Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Larval cross‐shore transport estimated from internal waves with a background flow: The effects of larval vertical position and depth regulation Garwood, J., Lucas, A., Naughton, P. Journal Article Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C., Rolek, B., Dunn, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Review of the Impacts to Marine Fauna from Electromagnetic Frequencies (EMF) Generated by Energy Transmitted through Undersea Electric Transmission Cables Bilinski, J. Report Wind Energy EMF
Interdisciplinary Research Collaborative Trains Students to See Through Turbulent Systems Cammen, K., Marafino, G., Burton, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-J: Essential Fish Habitat Assessment Environmental Design & Research, Landscape Architecture, Engineering, & Environmental Services, D.P.C. (EDR) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
MOTION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION FOR APPROVAL OF THE ELECTRIC PROGRAM INVESTMENT CHARGE INTERIM INVESTMENT PLAN 2021 California Energy Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America ten Brink, T., Dalton, T., Livermore, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
A Biomimetic Ultrasonic Whistle for Use as a Bat Deterrent on Wind Turbines Sievert, P., Modarres-Sadeghi, Y., Smotherman, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Final Report of the California Current Ecosystem Survey (CCES) 2018: A PacMAPPS Study Moore, J. Report Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Resident perceptions of local offshore wind energy development: Modeling efforts to improve participatory processes Gonyo, S., Fleming, C., Freitag, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Market Development and Transmission in the U.S. Northeast Smith, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Farmers vs. lakers: Agriculture, amenity, and community in predicting opposition to United States wind energy development Bessette, D., Mills, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P1: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and Sturgeon CSA Ocean Sciences Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Bats Flying at High Altitudes McCracken, G., Lee, Y., Gillam, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
How Noise Affects Bats and What It Reveals About Their Biosonar Systems Smotherman, M., Simmons, A., Simmons, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring Reichert, B., Bayless, M., Cheng, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions
Observations and Simulations of a Wind Farm Modifying a Thunderstorm Outflow Boundary Tomaszewski, J., Lundquist, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy. Overview and Summary. Robinson Willmott, J., Clerc, J., Vukovich, M. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing movements of birds using digitally-coded VHF transmitters: A validation study Paton, P., Cooper-Mullin, C., Kouhi, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Optimization of Towed Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) Array Design and Performance Study (Passive Acoustic Monitoring Study) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report Anderson, P., Aldridge, C., Alexander, J. Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Marine energy and the new blue economy Geerlofs, S. Book Chapter Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Tracking Movements of Migratory Shorebirds in the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Region Loring, P., Lenske, A., McLaren, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
BOEM Offshore Wind Energy Facilities Emission Estimating Tool — Version 2.0 User’s Guide Chang, R., Mendenhall, S., Lamie, C. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Passive Ultrasonic Deterrents to Reduce Bat Mortality in Wind Farms Sharma, A. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Final Report for New York Bight Whale Monitoring Passive Acoustic Surveys: October 2017 - October 2020 Estabrook, B., Hodge, K., Salisbury, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Ectoparasite Load Is Reduced in Side-Blotched Lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Wind Farms: Implications for Oxidative Stress Alaasam, V., Keehn, J., Durso, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Reptiles
Protected Species Observer Technical Report for the Ørsted New England IHA, BOEM Lease Areas OCS-A 0486, OCS-A 0487, and OCS-A 0500; 2019–2020 Smultea, M., Haase, P., Hartin, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Energy and Benthic Habitat Changes: Lessons from Block Island Wind Farm Hutchison, Z., Bartley, M., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned Carey, D., Wilber, D., Read, L. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
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