United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2249
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
South Fork Wind Fisheries Research and Monitoring Plan South Fork Wind, INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Sixth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
An evaluation of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines in the Northeastern United States Choi, D., Wittig, T., Kluever, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Summer day-roost selection by eastern red bats varies between areas with different land-use histories Monarchino, M., Behan, M., Johnson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Multi-modal Approach for Benthic Impact Assessments in Moraine Habitats: a Case Study at the Block Island Wind Farm Guarinello, M., Carey, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Vineyard Wind Demersal Trawl Survey 2019/2020 Annual Report He, P., Rillahan, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems Squires, J., Olson, L., Wallace, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Voters support the construction of new offshore wind farms Deiseroth, D., Winter, E., NoiseCat, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Fifth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Identifying areas of wetland and wind turbine overlap in the south-central Great Plains of North America Heintzman, L., Auerbach, E., Kilborn, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Legal system for the development of marine renewable energy in the USA: a thorough analysis Chang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island with Emphasis on Large Whales Summary Report Part 1: Sightings and Data - Campaign 5, 2018-2019 O'Brien, O., McKenna, K., Baumgartner, M. Report Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
A mesocosm comparison of laboratory‐based and on‐site eDNA solutions for detection and quantification of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in marine ecosystems Skinner, M., Murdoch, M., Loeza-Quintana, T. Journal Article Marine Energy Fish
The effect of an invasive foundation species on diversity is due to increased habitat availability Scott, Z., ter Horst, C. Journal Article Habitat Change
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development Kirol, C., Smith, K., Graf, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Ontogenetic variation in the auditory sensitivity of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication Stanley, J., Caiger, P., Phelan, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Dogs detect larger wind energy effects on bats and birds Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Standish, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Hawai'i National Marine Renewable Energy Center (HINMREC) Vega, L., Cross, P. Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Wave
Wind, sun, and wildlife: do wind and solar energy development "short-circuit" conservation in the western United States? Agha, M., Lovich, J., Ennen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Zooplankton biogeographic boundaries in the California Current System as determined from metabarcoding Pitz, K., Guo, J., Johnson, S. Journal Article
A Benthic Habitat Monitoring Approach for Marine and Hydrokinetic Sites Revelas, G., Sackmann, B., Jones, C. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change Physical Environment
Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern mid-Atlantic bight flyway Rothermel, E., Balazik, M., Best, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix N2: South Fork Wind Benthic Habitat Mapping to Support Essential Fish Habitat Consultation INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Genetic Approaches Are Necessary to Accurately Understand Bat-Wind Turbine Impacts Chipps, A., Hale, A., Weaver, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Assessing Cumulative Exposure of Northern Gannets to Offshore Wind Farms Goodale, M., Milman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
South Fork Wind Farm Atlantic Cod Spawning Survey Gervelis, B., Carey, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
Bat Activity Rates do not Predict Bat Fatality Rates at Wind Energy Facilities Solick, D., Pham, D., Nasman, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Vineyard Wind 1 Offshore Wind Energy Project: Supplement to the Draft Environmental Impact Statement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Navigation
Information Guidelines for a Renewable Energy Construction and Operations Plan (COP) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Providing Avian Survey Information for Renewable Energy Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Submission of Spatial Data for Atlantic Offshore Renewable Energy Development Site Characterization Surveys BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
BOEM / FERC Guidelines on Regulation of Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Projects on the OCS BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Providing Information on Fisheries Social and Economic Conditions for Renewable Energy Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports Chen, C., Zhao, L., He, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
The Colonization of a Multi-functional Artificial Reef Designed for the American Lobster, Homarus Americanus Roy, C. Thesis Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Pilot Study of Integration of Wildlife Impact Analysis into Spatial Environmental Assessment Tool for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Coates, S., Lockhart, G., Courbis, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Highly Migratory Species Report 2020, Vineyard Wind Kneebone, J., Capizzano, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Burdened by renewable energy? A multi-scalar analysis of distributional justice and wind energy in the United States Mueller, J., Brooks, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Mapping of Benthic Habitats at Marine Renewable Energy Sites Using Multibeam Echosounder and Sediment Profile Imaging Technologies Revelas, E., Sackmann, B., Maher, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
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