United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covers 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 68.2 million people (UN data, 2021). The UK’s primary energy production is 1,422 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 30 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 39% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The UK is home to 181 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The UK had 4 policy and 8 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The UK had a total installed wind power capacity of 28.7 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 3.01 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1309
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Review of red-throated diver prey species in the Thames Estuary Pollock, C., Barton, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Fish
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Reports Jenner, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Biology and Video Surveys of North Hoyle Wind Turbines 11th-13th August 2004 Bunker, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Review of the Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Migrating and Overwintering Swans and Geese in the SEA 5 Area Barton, C., Pollock, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Connor, D., Allen, J., Golding, N. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of 2003 aerial surveys and summary of baseline data Perrow, M., Skeate, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Marine Mammals
Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 8 - Contamination of Water and Sediments Voisey, C., Tyrrell, D., Rowlatt, S. Report Physical Environment
Offshore Renewable Energy Installations (OREIs) - Guidance on UK Navigational Practice, Safety and Emergency Response Issues Maritime Maritime and Coastguard Agency Report Marine Energy Navigation, Human Dimensions
Best Practice Guidance for the Use of Remote Techniques for Observing Bird Behaviour in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Desholm, M., Fox, A., Beasley, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
The remote monitoring of offshore avian movement using bird detection radar at Spurn Head, East Yorkshire Walls, R., Brown, M., Budgey, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Measurement of Underwater Noise During Piling at the Red Funnel Terminal, Southampton, and Observation of its Affect on Caged Fish Nedwell, J., Turnpenny, A., Langworthy, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Long-Term Dynamics of Fouling Communities Found on Offshore Installations in the North Sea Whomersley, P., Picken, G. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
EMEC Billia Croo Grid-Connected Wave Test Site European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Project Site Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave
SuperGen Marine Energy Research Wallace, R., Ingram, D., Jeffrey, H. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Windfarms and Birds: An Analysis of the Effects of Windfarms on Birds, and Guidance on Environmental Assessment Criteria and Site Selection Issues Langston, R., Pullan, J. Report Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Onshore Environmental Impact Statement for Lincs, Docking Shoal, and Race Bank OSW Farms Centrica Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Ecological effects of low toxicity oil-based mud drilling in the Beatrice oilfield Addy, J.M., Hartley, J.P., Tibbetts, P.J.C. Journal Article Marine Energy
Wave Dragon Pre-Commercial Demonstration Project Wave Dragon ApS Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Offshore Wind Energy in Europe— A Review of the State-of-the-Art Henderson, A., Morgan, C., Smith, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Collaborative Offshore Wind Research into the Environment Electromagnetic Field (COWRIE EMF) Research Gill, A., Gloyne-Philips, I., Neal, K. Research Study EMF Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
European Marine Energy Centre European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Website Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave
Future Offshore: A Strategic Framework for the Offshore Wind Industry UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Yell Sound The Engineering Business Project Site Marine Energy, Tidal
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment The University of Liverpool Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Technologies and their Influence on Future UK Marine Resource Development and Management Side, J., Jowitt, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Human Dimensions
Billia Croo Environmental Statement Carl Bro Group Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Robin Rigg Environmental Statement Natural Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Islay Limpet Wave Power Plant Report The Queen’s University of Belfast Report Marine Energy, Wave
Evaluating artificial reef performance: approaches to pre- and post-deployment research Wilding, T., Sayer, M. Journal Article Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement GE Wind Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Rhyl Flats Environmental Impact Assessment Anatec, Binnie, Black and Veatch, Cousins Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Golden Eagles in a Multiple Land-Use Environment: A Case Study in Conflict Management Madders, M., Walker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Novar Windfarm Ltd Ornithological Monitoring Studies: Breeding Bird and Birdstrike Monitoring 2001 Results & 5-Year Review Bioscan Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Mature Areas of the Offshore North Sea SEA2 UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Environmental Consequences of Offshore Wind Power Generation Parkinson, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind farm development and nature conservation A guidance document for nature conservation organisations and developers when consulting over wind farm proposals in England Harley, M., Drewitt, A., Gilliland, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement PowerGen Renewables Development Limited (PRDL) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Environmental impact assessment: guide to procedures UK Communities and Local Government Report Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Geographical Variation in Temporal and Spatial Vocalization Patterns of Male Harbour Seals in the Mating Season Van Parijs, S., Hastie, G., Thompson, P. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
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