United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covers 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 68.2 million people (UN data, 2021). The UK’s primary energy production is 1,422 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 30 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 39% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The UK is home to 181 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The UK had 4 policy and 8 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The UK had a total installed wind power capacity of 28.7 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 3.01 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1309
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
COWRIE Workshop on the Cumulative Impact of Offshore Windfarms on Birds Norman, T., Buisson, R., Askew, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Baseline Report Fish & Fisheries Lockwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Marine Renewable Energy Development in Scotland (MREDS) Side, J., Gibb, S., Stephen, K. Research Study Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Benthic Trawl Survey 2006 Monitoring Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Benthic Grab Survey 2006 Monitoring Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Modelling Analysis of the Sensitivity of Shoreline Change to a Wave Farm Millar, D., Smith, H., Reeve, D. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Temporal variability of zooplankton biomass from ADCP backscatter time series data at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site Jiang, S., Dickey, T., Steinberg, D. Journal Article Physical Environment, Water Quality, Invertebrates
Wave Dragon Pre-Commercial Wave Energy Device, Environmental Statement Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary TÜV SÜD Report Marine Energy, Wave
Scottish Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report Faber Maunsell, Metoc PLC Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave
Bats Avoid Radar Installations: Could Electromagnetic Fields Deter Bats from Colliding with Wind Turbines? Racey, P., Nicholls, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, EMF Bats
Collision Risks Between Marine Renewable Energy Devices and Mammals, Fish and Diving Birds Wilson, B., Batty, R., Daunt, F. Report Marine Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Annual FEPA Monitoring Report (2005-6) Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Interim Ornithology Chapter Gill, J.P., Mitchell, A., Pinder, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wave Climate Investigation for an Array of Wave Power Devices Venugopal, V., Smith, G. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Field Based Experimental Studies of Marine Organism Response to Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Associated with Marine Renewable Energy Devices: Understanding the Environmental Impacts Gill, A. Research Study Marine Energy EMF Fish
Environment Description for the EMEC Tidal Test Site Fall of Warness, Orkney Finn, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal
An Investigation into the Effects of Underwater Piling Noise on Salmonids Nedwell, J., Turnpenny, A., Lovell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
A Report on the Perceptions of the Fishing Industry into the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on their Work Patterns and Income Mackinson, S., Curtis, H., Brown, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Ecological Survey and Impact Assessment for the Proposed Cable Route Corridor and Substation, Walpole, Lincolnshire, & Norfolk Lapwings Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Concurrent and legacy impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland: a computable general equilibrium analysis Allan, G., Stallard, T., Swales, K. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
The Potential Effects on Birds arising from the Onshore Infrastructure of the Proposed Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farm Burton, N., Holloway, S., Thewlis, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The Number and Distribution of Marine Mammals in the Fall of Warness, Orkney July 2005 - July 2006 Duck, C., Black, A., Lonergan, M. Report Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Spatial Association as an Indicator of the Potential for Future Interactions Between Wind Energy Developments and Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Scotland Fielding, A., Whitfield, D., McLeod, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm - Coastal Processes Monitoring Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Assessing Significance of Impacts from Onshore Windfarms on Birds Outwith Designated Areas Scottish Natural Heritage Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Skerries Tidal Stream Array: Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report Project Management Support Services Report Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bird Sensitivity Map to Provide Locational Guidance for Onshore Wind Farms in Scotland Bright, J., Langston, R., Bullman, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Development: Seabed Comparison npower renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Wave Hub Environmental Statement South West of England Regional Development Agency (SWDRA) Report Marine Energy, Wave
Wave Hub Development and Design Phase Final Design Report South West of England Regional Development Agency (SWDRA) Report Marine Energy, Wave
Energy policy and institutional context: Marine energy innovation systems Winskel, M., McLeod, A., Wallace, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Valuing the Attributes of Renewable Energy Investments Bergmann, A., Hanley, N., Wright, R. Journal Article Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Strategic Wind Farm Areas Bloor, P., Wratten, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Radio Telemetry as a Tool for Impact Assessment of Wind Farms: The Case of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Scroby Sands, Norfolk, UK Perrow, M., Skeate, E., Lines, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Tidal Current Energy Technologies Fraenkel, P. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy
Assessing the Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds Drewitt, A., Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
The British Ornithologists' Union Annual Spring Conference 2005 University of Leicester, 1-3 April 2005 Lanchbery, J., Mitchell, C., Tomlinson, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Hydropower and Environmental Regulation - A Scottish Perspective Copestake, P. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds
Distribution and Behaviour of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Relative to Prey Resources and Environmental Parameters Kaiser, M., Galanidi, M., Showler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Pentland Firth Tidal Stream Modelling Using Stanford Unstructured Non-hydrostatic Terrain-Following Adaptive Navier-Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) Baston, S., Harris, R. Research Study Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow
An Overview of the Environmental Impact of Non-Wind Renewable Energy Systems in the Marine Environment OSPAR Commission Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave
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