Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1440
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Real-Time Bird Detection and Collision Risk Control in Wind Farms Georgiev, M., Zehtindjiev, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The Effect of Sound on Bird Behaviour Application in Wind Farms Georgiev, M., Marinov, M., Zehtindjiev, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Passerines
On the radar: Weather, bird migration and aeroconservation over the North Sea Bradaric, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
A Survey of Sex Ratios of Raptors at a Rescue Center in China Yang, L., Zhou, B., Huang, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Current challenges and prospects of wind energy in Belarus Novikau, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II Austrheim, E., Dahlgren, T., Handberg, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Songbird Behavior and Conservation in the Anthropocene Proppe, D. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Acoustic and Genetic Data Can Reduce Uncertainty Regarding Populations of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Impacted by Wind Energy Hale, A., Hein, C., Straw, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Influencing Activity of Bats by Dimly Lighting Wind Turbine Surfaces with Ultraviolet Light Cryan, P., Gorresen, P., Straw, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Biological Consequences of Marine Energy Development on Marine Animals Hemery, L., Copping, A., Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Individual-based model lesser black-backed gulls in the Netherlands van Bemmelen, R., Soudijn, F., Benden, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
A Miniature Radio-Frequency Transmitter for Environmental Permitting and Mitigation of Wind Energy Deng, D., Lu, J., Duberstein, C. Presentation Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Acoustic Exposure to Turbine Operation Quantifies Risk to Bats at Commercial Wind Energy Facilities Peterson, T., Mcgill, B., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Timing and Weather Offer Alternative Mitigation Strategies for Lowering Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in Ontario Squires, K., Thurber, B., Zimmerling, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
High vulnerability of juvenile Nathusius' pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii) at wind turbines Kruszynski, C., Bailey, L., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The Use of Intrinsic Markers for Studying the Migratory Movements of Bats Brewer, C., Rauch-Davis, W., Fraser, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
The Relation between Migratory Activity of Pipistrellus Bats at Sea and Weather Conditions Offers Possibilities to Reduce Offshore Wind Farm Effects Brabant, R., Laurent, Y., Poerink, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Risk evaluation of onshore wind farms in relation to wild duck (Anatidae) movements in the Yangtze River Mouth, China Zhao, S., Xu, H., Zhong, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence is reduced during tidal turbine operation Palmer, L., Gillespie, D., Macaulay, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Quantifying the effects of tidal turbine array operations on the distribution of marine mammals: Implications for collision risk Onoufriou, J., Russell, D., Thompson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 Odinga, J., Barbé, D., van Mastrigt, A. Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Marine Mammal Collision Risk Modelling Vallejo, G., McCarthy, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America Adams, E., Gulka, J., Williams, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Activity Pattern and Correlation between Bat and Insect Abundance at Wind Turbines in South Sweden de Jong, J., Millon, L., Håstad, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Invertebrates
Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development True, M., Reynolds, R., Ford, W. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Environmental Information for Siting and Operation of Floating Tidal Turbines in U.S. Waters Copping, A., Garavelli, L., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
A Temporal Boosted YOLO-Based Model for Birds Detection around Wind Farms Alqaysi, H. , Fedorov, I. , Qureshi, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Environmental Impacts of Tidal and Wave Energy Converters Hutchison, Z., Lieber, L., Miller, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Underestimated Scale of Songbird Offshore Migration Across the South-Eastern North Sea during Autumn Brust, V., Hüppop, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Passerines
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C., Dunn, L., McCabe, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Are fish in danger? A review of environmental effects of marine renewable energy on fishes Copping, A., Hemery, L., Viehman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Documentation of the technical discussion "Anti-collision systems for birds" - A look at the development and testing status KNE (Kompetenzzentrum Naturschutz und Energiewende) Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway Oppel, S., Arkumarev, V., Bakari, S, Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea Pollock, C., Lane, J., Buckingham, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Assessing fatality minimization for hoary bats amid continued wind energy development Friedenberg, N., Frick, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Three-dimensional analysis of bat flight paths around small wind turbines suggests no major collision risk or behavioral changes Hochradel, K., Hartmann, S., Reers, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Bats
Fast & Flexible: streamlining a simulation- based approach to collision risk assessments Horne, N., Schmitt, P., Culloch, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
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