Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1441
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The wind energy (r)evolution: A short review of a long history Kaldellis, J., Zafirakis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision
Patterns of activity and fatality of migratory bats at a wind energy facility in Alberta, Canada Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
The effects of wind turbines on white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla) in Hokkaido, Japan Shiraki, S., Kitano, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing Avian-Wind Turbine Collision Risk: An Approach Angle Dependent Model Holmstrom, L., Hamer, T., Colclazier, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites Thomas, P., Labrosse, A., Pomeroy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Wind turbines as landscape impediments to the migratory connectivity of bats Cryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Understanding Benthic Productivity on Artificial Structures: Maximising the Benefit of Marine Renewable Energy Devices Porter, J., Rouse, S., Wilding, T. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Linking Turbine Collision Risks with Population Models to Assess Cumulative Impacts of Multiple Wind Farms on Threatened Birds Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Modelling Seabird Collision Risk with Off-Shore Wind Farms Mateos, M., Arroyo, G., Rosario, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Altering Turbine Speed Reduces Bat Mortality at Wind-Energy Facilities Arnett, E., Huso, M., Schirmacher, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Estimation of the Risks of Collision or Strike to Freshwater Aquatic Organisms Resulting from Operation of Instream Hydrokinetic Turbines Schweizer, P., Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M. Report Riverine, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Fish
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles Modelling Kernel-Based Collision Risk Using Satellite Telemetry Data in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VIII PNWWRM VIII Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Flight Height Distribution and Collision Risk of the Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus Marmoratus: Methodology and Preliminary Results Stumpf, J., Denis, N., Hamer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Klondike IIIa (Phase 2) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Year One Summary August 2008–August 2010 Gritski, B., Downes, S., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Avian Radar Baseline Study: Final Survey Report for the Proposed Reedsport Ocean Power Technologies Wave Park Geo-Marine Inc Report Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Assessment of Risk to Marine Mammals from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 1 - Desktop Review of Marine Mammals and Risks from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters Wilson, B., Gordon, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Marine Mammals
Understanding Bird Collisions With Man-made Objects: A Sensory Ecology Approach Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Impact assessment of wind farms on birds of prey in Thrace. Annual Report August 2009 - August 2010 Doutau, B., Kafkaletou-Diez, D., Carcamo, B. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
An Assessment of the Bat Fauna at the Hepburn Community Wind Farm, Leonards Hill, Victoria Richards, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy (RITE) Environmental Assessment Project Adonizio, M., Smith, R. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision Fish
Assessment of Risk to Diving Birds from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 1 - Desktop Review of Birds in Welsh Waters and Preliminary Risk Assessment Loughrey, J., Austin, M., Sweeney, J. Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
Assessment of Risk to Diving Birds from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 2 - Field Methodologies and Site Assessments Robinson, C., Cook, G. Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Mortality Study: Cedar Ridge Wind Farm, Fond Du Lac County, Wisconsin BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Appropriate Assessment Screening for AMETS, Co. Mayo Scally, L. Research Study Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Assessment of Collision Risk for Seals and Tidal Stream Turbines Davies, I., Thompson, F. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Investigation on Design for a 500 W Wind Turbine Composite Blade Considering Impact Damage Kong, C., Choi, S., Park, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Collision risk of White-fronted Geese with wind turbines Sugimoto, H., Matsuda, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
Post construction monitoring of wind farms: First records of direct impact on bats in Italy Ferri, V., Locasciulli, O., Soccini, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Mortality and Activity at a Northern Iowa Wind Resource Area Jain, A., Koford, R., Hancock, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm Garvin, J., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Marine Hydrokinetic Turbine Technology and the Environment: Device-Biota Interactions Crevison, S., Li, Y., Thresher, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J., Calvo, J., Zuberogoita, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Night Migrant Fatalities And Obstruction Lighting At Wind Turbines In North America Kerlinger, P., Gehring, J., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Lighting, Collision Birds
Mortality of Bats at Wind Turbines Links to Nocturnal Insect Migration? Rydell, J., Bach, L., Dubourg-Savage, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles: Modelling Collision Risk Using Vantage Point Observations in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Hoel, P., Langston, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
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