Physical Environment

The area surrounding a device.

The physical environment surrounding a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy device may be susceptible to impacts from habitat changes and changes in flow. If changes in flow occur due to the physical presence of offshore renewable energy devices, water quality and sediment transport within the nearfield habitat may be affected. Changes to the physical environment may also affect nutrient concentrations and ecosystem processses, such as food webs.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

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Title	Author	Date	Content Type	Technology	Stressor	Receptor
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Development: Seabed Comparison	npower renewables	June 2006	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Habitat Change	Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Benthic Communities at Horns Rev Before, During and After Construction of Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm: Final Report	Vattenfall	May 2006	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Habitat Change	Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Cape Wind SSCS Installation	Bazzoni, J.	May 2006	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Habitat Change	Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
An Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) System	Chen, C., Beardsley, R., Cowles, G.	March 2006	Journal Article	Marine Energy		Physical Environment
The benthic impacts of the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef	Wilding, T.	January 2006	Journal Article		Habitat Change	Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Ormonde Project Scoping Study for Coastal and Seabed Processes	Coates, T., Skipper, C., Cranmer, G.	November 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Grab Survey Field Report	Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS)	November 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Physical Environment
The Benthic Environment of the North and West of Scotland and the Northern and Western Isles: Sources of Information and Overview	Wilding, T., Hughes, D., Black, K.	October 2005	Report	Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Wake Effects of Large Offshore Wind Farms Identified from Satellite SAR	Christiansen, M., Hasager, C.	October 2005	Journal Article	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Beam Trawl Survey Report	Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS)	October 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Fish, Physical Environment
Environmental Issues of Natural Temperature Differences Utilization	Gauthier, M.	August 2005	Book Chapter	OTEC, Marine Energy	Changes in Flow	Water Quality, Physical Environment
On Post-Glacial Sea Level - II. Numerical Formulation and Comparative Results on Spherically Symmetric Models	Kendall, R., Mitrovica, J., Milne, G.	June 2005	Journal Article			Physical Environment
Marine ALSF Science Review: Aggregate Research in UK Waters	Newell, R., Reeds, K.	June 2005	Presentation		Habitat Change	Physical Environment, Ecosystem Processes
Sand Banks, Sand Transport and Offshore Wind Farms: Technical Report	Kenyon, N., Cooper, B.	May 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
The Ecosystem Consequences of Sediment Disturbance	Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)	March 2005	Report	Marine Energy	Habitat Change	Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Humber Gateway, Environmental Statement: Section 7, Description of the Physical Baseline Environment	E.ON	January 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow, Habitat Change	Physical Environment
Seabed Morphology Off Southern Long Island: Studies of Artificial Reefs and Implications for Wind Farms	Flood, R.	January 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Physical Environment
An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to windfarms	Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H.	January 2005	Report	Wind Energy	Habitat Change	Physical Environment
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project: Field Survey Report - Benthic Sampling using Beam Trawls, Otter Trawls and Day Grabs in the Thames Estuary during 2003 and 2004	Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS)	January 2005	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Physical Environment
The Influence Of Large-Scale Wind Power On Global Climate	Keith, D., DeCarolis, J., Denkenberger, D.	November 2004	Journal Article	Wind Energy	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Can Large Wind Farms Affect Local Meteorology?	Baidya Roy, S., Pacala, S., Walko, R.	October 2004	Journal Article	Wind Energy	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
Sandeels in the Wind Farm Area at Horns Reef	Jensen, H., Kristensen, P., Hoffmann, E.	August 2004	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Physical Environment, Fish, Demersal Fish
Bouw en exploitatie van een windmolenpark op de Thorntonbank in de Noordzee: Milieueffectenbeoordeling van het project ingediend door de n.v. C-Power	Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM)	March 2004	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise	Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 8 - Contamination of Water and Sediments	Voisey, C., Tyrrell, D., Rowlatt, S.	March 2004	Report			Physical Environment
Silt-Proof Measures: Following Analysis of Data Measured out of Baishakou Tidal Power Station, Measures were Proposed to Control Sediment in the Reservoir	Yunchen, L.	February 2004	Magazine Article	Tidal, Marine Energy	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
Environmental Impact of the ATOC/Pioneer Seamount Submarine Cable	Kogan, I., Paull, C., Kuhnz, L.	November 2003	Report		Habitat Change	Physical Environment
Wake Effects on Middelgrund Windfarm	Jørgensen, H., Frandsen, S., Vølund, P.	July 2003	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
The Environmental Effects of the Installation and Functioning of the Submarine SwePol Link HVDC Transmission Line: A Case Study of the Polish Marine Area of the Baltic Sea	Andrulewicz, E., Napierska, D., Otremba, Z.	June 2003	Journal Article	Marine Energy	EMF	Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Turbine Wakes Measured by Sodar	Barthelmie, J., Fokerts, L., Ormel, T.	April 2003	Journal Article	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
Proposed Wave Energy Technology Project Environmental Assessment	US Department of the Navy	January 2003	Report	Marine Energy, Wave		Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism
Linking climate change and biological invasions: Ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions	Stachowicz, J. , Terwin, J., Whitlatch, R.	November 2002	Journal Article			Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Elsam. Offshore Wind Farm. Horns Rev. Annual status report for the environmental monitoring programme 1. January 2001 - 31. December 2001	Tech-Wise A/S	October 2002	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise	Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evaluating the Coastal Environment for Marine Birds	Wanless, S., Bacon, P., Harris, M.	June 2002	Journal Article	Marine Energy, Wind Energy	Habitat Change	Birds, Physical Environment
Robin Rigg Environmental Statement	Natural Power	May 2002	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind		Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Persistence of Antifouling Agents in the Marine Biosphere	Ranke, J.	March 2002	Journal Article	Marine Energy	Chemicals	Physical Environment
Evaluating artificial reef performance: approaches to pre- and post-deployment research	Wilding, T., Sayer, M.	February 2002	Journal Article		Habitat Change	Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Wake Effects in Tidal Current Turbine Farms	Macleod, A., Barnes, S., Rados, K.	January 2002	Conference Paper	Marine Energy, Tidal	Changes in Flow	Physical Environment
Potential Effects of Offshore Wind Developments on Coastal Processes	Beiboer, F., Cooper, B.	January 2002	Report	Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind	Changes in Flow	Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
The Practice of Comprehensive Silt Proof Measures in Tide Power Stations	Liu, X., Fagong, L.	September 2001	Report	Tidal, Marine Energy	Changes in Flow	Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Mature Areas of the Offshore North Sea SEA2	UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)	September 2001	Report	Wind Energy		Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions